The first Russian revolution is a whole chain of events that began on January 9 in 1905 and continued until 1907 in the then Russian Empire. These events became possible due to the current revolutionary situation in the country at the beginning of the 20th century.
The first Russian revolution showed that radical changes are simply necessary for the state. However, Nicholas II was in no hurry with the reforms in the country.
The reasons for the first Russian revolution:
- economic (global economic crisis at the beginning of the 20th century; developmental backwardness in both agriculture and industry);
- social (the development of capitalism did not entail any changes in the old ways of life of people, hence the contradictions between the new system and old remnants);
- political (the crisis of the supreme power; the decline in the authority of all of tsarist Russia after a missed victory in the swift Russo-Japanese war, and, as a result, the activation of left-wing opposition movements);
- national (lack of rights of nations and a high degree of their exploitation).
What forces existed in Russia on the eve of the revolution? Firstly, it is a liberal movement, the basis of which was the nobility and the bourgeoisie. Secondly, this is a conservative trend. Thirdly, radical democratic movements.
What were the tasks of the first revolution?
1) the solution of a number of issues, including agricultural, worker, national;
2) the overthrow of the autocracy;
3) adoption of the constitution;
4) a non-verbal society;
5) freedom of speech and choice.
The first Russian revolution was of a bourgeois-democratic character. The reason for its implementation was the events of early January, called "Bloody Sunday." On a winter morning, a peaceful procession of workers went to the king, carrying his portrait and singing “God save the Tsar ...”. At the head of the procession was the priest Gapon. It is still unclear whether he was an ally of the revolutionaries or a supporter of a peaceful procession, since his sudden disappearance remains a mystery ... The events of Bloody Sunday led to the execution of workers. This occasion gave a strong impetus to the activation of all left forces. The first bloody Russian revolution began.
Nicholas II accepts several manifestos, including the "manifesto on the establishment of the State Duma" and the "manifesto on improving the state order." Both documents literally turned the tide of events. During the revolution, 2 State Duma, which were dissolved before the date of its completion, carried out their activities. After the dissolution of the second, the Third June Political System came into force, which became possible after the violation of the manifesto of October 17, 1905 by Nicholas II.
The first Russian revolution, the causes of which were on the surface for a long time, led to the fact that in Russia the political situation and social status of citizens changed. The coup also gave rise to agrarian reform. However, the 1st Russian revolution did not solve its main problem - the elimination of autocracy. Nicholas 1 and the autocracy in Russia will last another 10 years.