With the invention of elements with non-linear characteristics, a wide variety of schemes with their use have appeared. The simplest and most reliable is the circuit, called the parametric stabilizer. It copes with voltage stabilization, easy to manufacture and reliable in operation.
The zener diode
semiconductor device can be compared with a reverse-connected diode. Only a breakdown in voltage in the opposite direction in the case of a zener diode is the normal mode of its operation. This property is widely used in a wide variety of circuits where, for some reason, it is required to limit the input signal to voltage. These can be
matching devices when it is necessary to convert a signal from one level to another, lower. Or overvoltage or surge protection schemes. The parametric voltage regulator has good performance and perfectly protects sensitive devices from impulse noise. Its presence in electronics circuits has become the norm of good design, which takes into account all possible modes of equipment operation.
The circuit of such a stabilizer is so simple in design and manufacturing that it does not require any special knowledge. The main thing is to correctly calculate the breakdown current of the zener diode so as not to damage the device sensitive to current overloads. For this, a current-limiting resistor is included in the zener diode circuit. The parametric stabilizer can be compared with a
voltage divider, in one arm of which there is a non-linear characteristic of the zener diode. The stabilized voltage is removed, respectively, from the zener diode, can serve as a reference voltage and can be used for further conversion.
In addition to voltage
stabilizers , a parametric
current stabilizer is also used in electronics
. This device is similar in principle to its predecessor, but current becomes the object of conversion in this case. Current stabilization is used in electronic circuits that protect various devices from current overloads. An example of the use of such devices is the load limit in sound frequency amplifiers. Parametric current stabilizer is widely used in production.
All of the above devices work perfectly in single-phase circuits or logic circuits. Three-phase circuits also use stabilization devices, one of which is a three-phase stabilizer. This device works on the same principle as single-phase, only in this case, the voltage stabilizes in three phases at once. At present, various schemes of such a stabilizer have been developed, the purpose of which is to increase the stabilization accuracy of the phase output voltage. Particular attention in the design of such schemes is given to the source of the reference voltage and the output power elements of the stabilizer. Such devices are quite simple and reliable in operation.