The LED matrix represents both individual LEDs and LED assemblies made on a group of crystals. Such matrices are quite widely used in general lighting systems for objects and premises, roads and house facades, and they are also used for individual indoor lighting, for example, in spotlights. The LED matrix can produce, depending on the purpose, both directional luminous flux and diffused.
The need to study the process of connecting high-power LED structures, as well as the structural and technological problems associated with this process, are currently due to the rapidly growing popularity of these products, and, of course, the influence of this direction on the lighting industry. The reason for this great influence is a number of advantages that were achieved as a result of the replacement of fluorescent, vacuum, gas-discharge sources of insolation with modern semiconductor light devices. It is no secret to anyone that the use of heavy-duty diodes has significantly reduced the amount of energy consumed, as well as increased the level of reliability, durability and environmental friendliness of light sources.
Due to the above advantages, the development and production of the latest technologies in the field of LED equipment is currently carried out at a tremendous pace. At the same time, the requirements for the quality of dissipation of the emitted light flux, the luminous power of semiconductor LEDs are constantly growing, which means that the requirements for matrices are also increasing.
An LED matrix is a group of crystals connected according to a mixed principle - in parallel-series. The value of the supply voltage and current in LED matrices is slightly higher than the voltage and current of simple LEDs. This is because the matrix includes a whole group of semiconductor elements. For efficient and long-lasting operation, the LED matrix must be equipped with a powerful and stabilized DC source (or current source and driver), as well as a heat sink. Most often, an aluminum or copper radiator is used as a heat sink.
As practice shows, nowadays powerful LED arrays are gaining more and more popularity. After all, these products have significantly reduced the cost of design of a powerful lamp by integrating several crystals into one. This association allowed manufacturers not only to reduce the cost of production of lighting devices, but also significantly improve their quality. This is because the circuit of the LED matrix is significantly reduced, and the simpler the electrical circuit, the more reliable it is.
An important parameter of any LED matrix is luminous efficiency. It depends on the quality of the light crystals used. However, it must be understood that even with the use of a high class of crystals, the light output of the matrix will be slightly lower than the total output of the crystals included in the design. This is due to the effect of superposition (mutual absorption) of light radiation, diodes located in close proximity.