What is a dynamic model? Let's try to identify its features, give examples of such systems.
Classification of models
There are certain signs by which different types of dynamic models are distinguished.
Depending on the stages of modeling, there are:
- cognitive - suggesting the mental appearance of an object;
- substantial - implying the receipt of information, as well as the identification of patterns and relationships (description, explanation);
- formal - consisting of mathematical laws and algorithms that describe and simulate real processes and objects;
- conceptual - created on a visual or verbal level, associated with structural-functional, causal models.
Means of implementation
Characterization of dynamic models involves accounting for the means used to implement the model. With the help of material resources, the basic geometric, dynamic, physical, functional characteristics of the analyzed object are reproduced. As a special case, physical options are considered that have a similar nature to the object selected for the modeling process.
Theoretical construction can be ideal, based on logical, graphic, mathematical symbolic schemes.
Division of Mathematical Models
There is their division into analytical ones, which imply a description of the properties and relationships by applying functions. Simulation options are based on repeated studies, in particular, procedures and algorithms that describe the process of operability of the analyzed system.
Display division
According to this parameter, there are three main types of models.
Heuristic are those images that arise in the human imagination. For their full description, the words of the natural language are used. For example, informational verbal model can be attributed to this type. It is not intended to use mathematical or formal logical expressions to describe it.
It is heuristic modeling that is the main means of going beyond the boundaries of established ideas about certain events and phenomena.
Such a dynamic model is necessary for the initial stage of design, when there is no complete information about the analyzed phenomenon or object. Further, this model is changed to exact and specific options.
Full-scale models are options characterized by a complete analogy with the real system. The difference exists only in size, as well as in the material used to create the full-scale model.
A dynamic model can be expressed in mathematical form. In this case, it is supposed to use formal logical expressions. Similarly, one can describe mental, social, economic phenomena and processes.
Mathematical models are considered inexpensive and universal options with which you can conduct "clean" experiments for a specific problem. It is a mathematical dynamic model that is the basis for the use of computer and computer technology. The results obtained in the course of mathematical modeling are compared with the numbers obtained in physical modeling.
Intermediate Modeling Options
Any dynamic system can be described by intermediate options. The graphical model is the average between mathematical and heuristic options. Such models can be expressed in diagrams, graphs, sketches, drawings, graphs.
Analog options make it possible to study the same phenomena or mathematical expressions by creating analog objects.
A dynamic system is selected depending on the nature and amount of information about it, as well as on the capabilities of the analyst himself.
A static model is a one-time slice of information on the studied phenomenon or object, which is built for a certain period of time. Such a model is built according to accounting documents, considering monthly losses or profits.
When using the dynamic model, you can analyze the changes that occur with the object over a certain period of time.
Features of information systems
How can dynamic models be used? Examples of these types are financial indicators taken over several years, which can be used to predict the profits of an enterprise.
Among the popular types of information models, three varieties are used: the composition model, the black box, and the structural version.
A “black box” is a system that is something solid, taken from the outside world. The environment and systems are connected to each other through the exchange of output and input parameters. An example of such dynamic systems can be considered living organisms.
The “black box” model is the simplest display of a specific system in which there is no information about the internal content, there are only output and input communications with the external environment. The boundaries between the environment and a similar system are conditional. A similar model is used in cases where there is no information on the internal content of the system. For example, instructions for use of a washing machine, tape recorder contains a detailed description of the connection, adjustment of operation, the result of using the device. This information is enough for the average user, but also not enough for the master servicing such equipment.
An example of such a dynamic system is the analysis of accounting reporting documents.
Conclusion
There are many options for describing dynamic systems. For successful process control, it is important to correctly model and analyze the state of the system. The choice of a specific description depends on the availability of preliminary information, the ability to obtain additional information about the process, the possibility of its development, the initial goal of the simulation.
The selection of a dynamic model is determined by the feature of the process under study. If in science the possibility of a detailed study of the essence of the process is the main goal of the simulation, then the technique implies the search for the best option for controlling the operation of the device, identifying minimal losses. Dynamic systems involve the use of mathematical symbols, signs, laws to obtain reliable and timely results.