Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the list of which is updated every year, are the owners of the highest status in Russian science. A citizen of the Russian Federation who publishes scientific papers of great public importance in various fields of knowledge can count on the title of academician. For 2017, there are almost a thousand academics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Russia, to be exact - 932. According to the charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, their main and only goal is to enrich science with their achievements.
How to become an academician?
The Russian Academy of Sciences provides two levels for its members. Who are they, academicians of the RAS? The list of these people is constantly updated. The lowest degree of membership is considered the title of a corresponding member, the highest - academician. The same practice was applied in the USSR. Foreign citizens can also get into the Russian Academy of Sciences. For special merits. In this case, they will be referred to as foreign members of the academy.
The election of academicians of the RAS comes from among the corresponding members. Only academics themselves have the right to vote. This title is awarded for life. The last elections were held recently - on October 25 last year. Their main distinguishing feature is a high percentage of admission of new members with a prerequisite - age restriction. Today, bet is on rejuvenation. Therefore, a large number of scientists who were under the age of 61 at the time of the vote came to the election of academicians of the RAS. They had a significant advantage.
Being a member of the Academy of Sciences is the highest award, which is given for special merits in science, and serves as a kind of degree of public recognition. There are financial advantages. A monthly salary supplement of 100 thousand rubles.
Number of Academicians
In 2013, the number of academicians increased significantly, after the academicians of medical and agricultural sciences were included in the academicians of the RAS. Thus, their total number today is, as already mentioned, 932 people.
If we count how many academicians in the RAS were elected exclusively through the Academy of Sciences, then there are 527. The percentage of women is low - there are only 13. 73 scientists have continued their membership since the days of the USSR.
The oldest academician is the philosopher Theodor Oiserman, who in May 2016 turned 102 already. At the opposite end of the list is physicist Grigory Trubnikov - he is only 40 years old. Of the living members of the academy, the youngest at the time of the election was another physicist - Alexander Skrinsky (32 years old). And at the most advanced age, the physiologist Lev Magazanik was awarded this title. He was 85 at the time of election.
Academician with experience
At the moment, the metallurgist Boris Evgenievich Paton is the longest academician of science. He is 98 years old, he was born in Kiev. In the capital of the Ukrainian SSR, he graduated from the Polytechnic Institute, becoming a electrical engineer by profession. He went in the footsteps of his father to work at the Institute of Electric Welding, bearing the name of his father - Eugene Oskarovich. Over the course of his career, he has authored over 400 inventions.
His research interests are related to the processes of automatic and semi-automatic welding, he also represented and developed theories of creating machines for arc welding, studied the conditions of arc burning.
Today, Academician Paton works with cybernetic devices, and also works on the creation of welding robots. Priority among the problems he studied is metallurgy of welding, as well as obtaining new and improving existing metals.
One of his merits is the creation of a special field in metallurgy - special electrometallurgy. He personally led research in this area, dealing with heat sources in welding machines.
Oncology successes
In 2004, Mikhail Ivanovich Davydov, professor, oncologist surgeon, became an academician.
He was praised by the academic community for his success in developing methods for treating various cancers. In particular, tumors of the esophagus, stomach, lung.
His merit is the use of new methods - anostomosis (connection of the internal volumes of hollow organs). Thanks to this, doctors manage to establish interaction between intestinal tracts or vessels. His new technique is original, while it is as simple as possible in technical performance.
Davydov Mikhail Ivanovich achieved a significant improvement in the effects of treatment of cancer of the stomach, lungs and esophagus. For the first time in oncological surgery, it was he who began to carry out surgical interventions with a pulmonary aorta or vena cava, achieving excellent results.
The oldest
Theodor Ilyich Oyzerman is today the oldest academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In May of last year, he turned 102. He was born the year the First World War began in the small village of Petroverovka in the Kherson province, now it is the Odessa region.
His father suddenly died of typhus in 1922, and young Theodore went to work as an apprentice at the steam engine repair plant.
In the 30s she moved with her mother to the Vladimir region, since in Ukraine she lost her job as a teacher due to her lack of knowledge of the national language. The so-called “indigenous” campaign was waged by the Soviet government in the 1920s and 1930s. His mother is getting back to school, and Theodor is going to the metalworking factory as an electrician. In parallel, he writes stories and publishes.
In 1937 he received several positive reviews of his works from the camp of the Russian emigration, in particular from George Adamovich. However, the state-owned publishing house refuses to print the collection of short stories, "On Peksha," and Oiserman drops literature.
After that, he goes to study at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History. At the same time moonlighting as an electrician. Defends his thesis in 1941 according to the teachings of Marx.
During the years of World War II, he sent to the front, received shell concussion in battles on the Kursk Bulge. After defeating fascism in 1951 he defended his doctoral degree, and in 1966 became an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Deeply studies the work of Kant and Hegel.
The youngest
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the list of which many are interested in today, are mostly elderly people. However, there are exceptions. For example, physicist Grigory Vladimirovich Trubnikov.
Received higher education in Lipetsk. Then he worked in Dubna, in 2005 he defended his thesis. The theme of his research is charged particle accelerators.
In 2012, he became a doctor of sciences. His research interests also include electron beam cooling, their generation, storage rings, as well as object-oriented programming.
Academician at 32
Before all of the living academics, this title was given to another physicist - Alexander Nikolayevich Skrinsky. He was born in Orenburg in 1936.
He studied the problems of experimental and applied physics. He studied accelerators and high energy physics. With his participation, the latest types of colliders were developed and created. Since 1968, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At that time he was only 32 years old. Two years later he received the title of "Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences."
Later he developed a method of electron cooling and detection of polarized beams. He played a decisive role in the development of applied physics, as well as in the creation of the latest types of laser and radiation technologies.
Physiologist-Academician
In 2016, full members of the RAS accepted the physiologist Lev Girshevich Magazanik into their ranks. To receive an honorary title at this age is a kind of record, at least among the living academics.
Lev Girshevich was born in Odessa in 1931. In the field of his scientific research - the work of ion channels, the effect of neurotoxins on various types and types of receptors. Among his inventions are unique tools that make it possible to study the organization of molecules in membranes.
Magazinik conducted joint research with foreign scientists around the world - in France, Switzerland, Great Britain, Germany. The result of his work was the creation of new drugs that help to establish the interaction between neurons in healthy and sick
Doctors among academicians
Today, academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences are selected in 12 departments and sections. Medicine is one of the key places in this list. There are most female academics here. One of them is the obstetrician-gynecologist Leyla Vladimirovna Adamyan.
She was born in Tbilisi. Educated in Moscow. From 1989 to the present, he has been the head of the Department of Operative Gynecology at the corresponding research institute. In 2004 she was awarded the title of academician.
Leyla Adamyan is famous for perfectly mastering all types of gynecological operations known to today's science. The objects of her research are the use of x-rays in reproductive medicine. He works a lot on the treatment of pregnant women and children.
Thanks to her, modern surgical technologies are used today, which allowed at least two times to reduce the severity and consequences of adhesions that occur after gynecological operations.
Academicians
Another area of knowledge that is traditionally preferred by academicians of the RAS, the list of which is then replenished, is mathematics.
Today, one of the most famous scientists in this field is Ludwig Dmitrievich Faddeev, who became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences back in 1976. He specializes in mathematical physics.
Most of his works and studies are devoted to solving three-body problems in quantum mechanics. In modern science, this problem is known under his name - the Faddeev equation. He also deals with the Schrödinger equation. He wrote two hundred scientific works and monographs.
They can be proud that among them there is such a scientist, academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mathematicians devote a lot of time to theoretical work, however, it is often appreciated. In 2008, Ludwig Faddeev received the Shao Prize in Hong Kong annually awarded to the world's best scientists. He received the award in the nomination "Mathematics" with another compatriot Vladimir Arnold. Their contribution to the popularization of mathematical physics was appreciated.