The official definition of a municipality is present in the Federal Law No. 131, which defines the general principles of the organization of territorial self-government in the Russian Federation. MO - a rural or urban settlement, district, district. Intracity territory in a city of federal significance may also serve as it.
Key features
One or more settlements included in the municipality are united by a common territory. Within its borders, the population exercises local self-government. The municipal authorities have territorial authorities. In addition, the municipality has property and has its own budget.
Local government
In Art. 131 of the Constitution, the exercise of territorial authority in rural, urban and other territories is envisaged, taking into account historical and other traditions. The indicated administrative units are isolated from each other and are separated by established boundaries. The area of the locality within which self-government is carried out, issues related to the formation, transformation, determination of the boundaries of administrative units, the name of the municipality, are the competence of the regional authorities.
Mo levels
Previously, each level had its own name of the municipality - a city, rural district, village, district. Other designations are currently introduced by law. In particular, the city, town, district are combined into a city settlement. In addition, categories such as municipal district, rural settlement are used. The indicated names are united, in turn, by the name "municipality".
Geographical Indication
The name of the municipality is a mandatory attribute of an administrative unit. MO in accordance with the law governing the procedure for assigning the names of the area, refers to geographical features. In accordance with Art. 1 of the specified regulatory act, they are recognized as cities of federal significance , including areas, other settlements. The geographical name of the municipality is essentially a means of identifying an administrative unit among others.
Title Properties
In the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation in the field of normalization, establishment, use, accounting, registration and preservation of names of objects is also the definition of state policy in the field of their assignment. The body authorized to consider these issues is the Federal Service for Cartography and Geodesy. The name of the municipality, region or other object should illustrate the most significant features of the municipal district, the area within which it is located, or the features of the population.
General requirements
The legislation establishes certain rules in accordance with which the name of the municipality is established. This is, for example , a requirement that the name may include no more than three words. In accordance with the Federal Law governing the identification of geographical features, it is not allowed to use the same words for different administrative units. Otherwise, the key function that is assigned to the name of the municipality will not be performed . An example in this case is the following - Veliky Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod. These are two different geographical features located in different places. For identification, additional words were added to the name - Great and Lower.
Change of designation
The name of the territory of the municipality as a geographical object may be adjusted in cases strictly specified by law. In particular, a change of designation is permitted:
- If two or more units within the same locality have the same name. The name change is due in this case to the need to eliminate problems in the conduct of business or other activities.
- If the object is indicated by an abbreviation, a phrase, a number that implement the functions of the names, but in reality they are not.
- To return to the place names that are widely known in the present and past.
Designation / Assignment Proposals
They can be introduced by federal and regional authorities, local governments, public associations, citizens and organizations. These proposals are addressed to representative (legislative) institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in whose territory the relevant entities are located. Special rules apply to objects located on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone, allocated or discovered by domestic researchers within the boundaries of the Antarctic and the high seas. Proposals for establishing and changing their names are addressed to a specially authorized body of the federal level - the Cartography and Geodesy Service.
Name of the head of the municipality
In the 36th article (part 1) of the Federal Law No. 131, the official definition of the highest official employee of the Moscow Region is given. The charter of education gives it authority to solve problems of local importance. The doctrine uses the term "mayor" to name a chapter. The key task of introducing the name of the post is to ensure the personification of the MO outside its borders as one person. A municipality, acting as a public-power association, cannot exercise legal personality directly. The responsibilities and rights, as well as the legitimate interests of the Moscow Region, are represented by the administrative apparatus.
The actions of employees and bodies are an expression of the will of the local community, which has the status of public education. Between officials and authorized structures, competence is distributed to resolve certain issues of local importance. Each of the employees or bodies represents the interests and rights of the Ministry of Defense in a specific field. Meanwhile, in practice, there is a need to highlight in the whole complex of institutions and officials exercising self-government, an entity that, by default, will be considered as the proper representative of the municipality.
Additionally
The name of the head of the municipality, as well as the position of president, head of the region, is established to ensure the possibility of representing a public-power organization in all respects, personifying it, formulating the will of the local community as a subject of law. She is often regarded as a political category. In some cases, it is given an exclusively ceremonial character. The latter is determined, in particular, by the formation of a concept of it as a symbol of the existence of a public-power association. As a rule, this is manifested at the level of large countries, and not municipalities, when it comes to empowering kings, emperors and other heads of state.