The telecommunications market is one of the most promising and rapidly growing areas of the communications industry. Currently, the telecommunications system is on the path of rapid development, generally oriented towards the entry of the Russian communication system into the world as an equal partner for the provision of international, long-distance, urban communications, data transfer, Internet, mobile communications, etc.
What is telecommunication
The term "telecommunications" comes from the words: Latin communico, which means "form of communication," and Greek tele, which means "operating at a distant distance."
So, we can say that:
- Telecommunication is a set of devices and programs that allow the transmission of information via cable and radio channels. These are devices for converting information, its decoding, modulation; These are modern computer processing technologies.
- Telecommunications is a combination of technical, software and organizational tools for transmitting data over long distances. Solid-state output amplifiers are used to create satellite station transmitters.
- Telecommunication is a technical service that provides the transmission and reception of messages. Telecommunications specialists are technicians and engineers. They mainly work with codes, signals, noise.
- Telecommunication is the exchange of any information using a computer. Information is transmitted through communication channels or the exchange of information.
- Telecommunications is the process of obtaining and processing information using electronic, network, electromagnetic, information and computer technologies.
Promising areas of telecommunication technology should be considered:
- Creation of new signal-code constructions by applying combined signal manipulation methods and new signal coding methods in order to increase the transmission capacity of transmission systems and improve their energy.
- Creation of smart antenna devices with improved energy.
- Creation of telecommunication systems in the millimeter wave range with an operating frequency of about 100 GHz.
- Development of design methods and technologies for the production of telecommunication equipment, which ensures their optimal characteristics according to generalized criteria: minimum cost, maximum parameters, maximum reliability, minimum weight and size characteristics.
- Increasing the level of student training in the direction of "Telecommunications", the expansion of research and development in the direction.
Technological method of signal coding
To ensure optimal energy in systems using the latest methods of coding and modulation of the signal. It is the signal coding methods for combating errors under the influence of interference that provide energy gain in the system up to 6-8 dB, even despite the expansion of the signal spectrum. In this case, block codes are used: Hamming, Reed-Solomon, BCH codes, as well as tree-like convolutional codes. It is necessary to consider the use of codes that make it possible to realize triangular amplitude-phase manipulation and thus obtain additional energy gain in order to increase the signal transmission speed. In this case, the channel bandwidths use multi-position relative phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude-phase shift keying.
Satellite connection
Satellite communication systems are used in geostationary satellites to transmit television programs, including to individual receivers, and to provide group information traffic. Of particular note is the Inmarsat international satellite navigation system, which, in addition, has received wide commercial application for operational communications and navigation using the GPS satellite navigation system in remote areas, in emergency situations, as well as for monitoring freight traffic. Small-sized satellite telephone provides data transmission from anywhere in the world. In combination with a broadband pseudo-noise signal, new technologies were implemented: a frequency microstrip antenna, a solid-state power amplifier, a two-channel filter based on surface acoustic waves based on bismuth germanate, narrow-band microwave filters based on dielectric resonators, etc.
Telecommunication facilities
Today, mobile communication systems have received particularly rapid development, the number of subscribers of which in most countries exceeds the number of subscribers of stationary networks. So far, the GSM-900/180 standard holds the leadership in the mobile communications market, the systems of which have reached the limit of perfection thanks to the use of the latest GPRS and EDGE technologies. Very promising should be considered mobile communication systems with code division of channels of the CDMA standard, which have unrivaled confidentiality and energy performance. Today, three standards based on CDMA technology are used to create a 3G mobile communication system in accordance with the standard and MT-2000 developed by the International Telecommunication Union: CDMA ONE, CDMA 2000 and WCDMA. As part of the implementation of the BMI-2000 standard, work is underway on the creation of satellite systems for personal mobile communications Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, Iridium. So far, the commercial operation of the systems has not been achieved due to problems of project financing and technical difficulties. For the creation of information networks of enterprises, the DECT radio system has proven itself well.
Fast Signal Transmission Systems
Thanks to the achievements of microelectronics technology, modern mobile and computer networks and telecommunications, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMax, WiFi, etc. are manufactured and used. In practice, exotic transmission systems are used that are created using the general principles and construction schemes and differ in channel adapters for connecting to the corresponding signal transmission channels. Hydroacoustic communication systems communicate under water using ultrasonic vibrations of 8-20 kHz at a distance of up to 4 km. Laser communication systems use lasers with a wavelength of 1-10 microns and are used in space communication lines. The Ryazan Instrument-Making Plant (Russia) manufactures a laser transceiver that provides signal transmission at a speed of about 200 Mbit / s over a distance of 2-10 km in terrestrial conditions and is used, for example, to transmit information between base stations in mobile communication systems. Communication systems in tunnels and subways use a radio-emitting (antenna) cable, for example, from EUPEN, in the frequency range 30-1800 MHz. US scientists have established the ability to transmit hectamemeter radio waves in the bowels of the earth. It is believed that when placing repeaters at a distance of up to 200 m, you can create a communication line for transmitting a signal with a spectrum of about 500 Hz.