The electric motor has long been far from the last place in the list of preferences of designers, including in the automotive industry. More recently, all the cars were equipped only with ICE. But attempts to create alternative engines continued all the time. The most promising of them seems to be the electric motor for the car. This article discusses this type of motor and its features.
A bit of history
The inventor of a car electric motor is Starley. He made his discovery in 1888. At that time, electric wires were used to create traction. In terms of efficiency, such a mechanism was significantly ahead of internal combustion engines. However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, they decided to abandon such seemingly advantageous units, since the problem of a limited power reserve was not solved. Due to the fact that traveling over long distances was necessary, and the electric motor for the car could not provide this, it was completely replaced by internal combustion engines. For some time, only some amateur enthusiasts were engaged in development in this area, but in the era of rapidly developing technological progress, this engine was again remembered, improved, and even put into serial production. True, so far only in small batches. Today, such cars are very expensive, but the relevance and urgent need for them only increases day by day.
Principle of operation
The electric motor for the car is based on electromagnetic induction. This concept is associated with the appearance of EMF in a closed loop and with a change in the magnetic flux in it . Thus, the electric energy turns into mechanical, due to which the vehicle is moving.
The traction motor for the car is powered by a direct current source. The output batteries form 96 to 192 volts. For the formation of an electromotive force such a voltage is enough.
Cars with an electric motor are still distinguished from cars with an internal combustion engine by a direct connection to the wheel, so that the handling of the vehicle is much improved. The most modern models operating on alternating current can be recharged during braking, which increases their mileage up to 20%.
Otherwise, the electric motor for the car is practically no different from the standard one, with an internal combustion engine installed. It contains a working body that connects to the wheel. When electricity is supplied, the winding acts on the rotor, which begins rotational motion due to EMF. This is transmitted to all other working bodies. Such an engine can be charged in different ways, depending on the assembly.
Battery
The electric motor is charging on battery power. Due to the enormous cost of batteries, there are very few such cars on the roads today.
One of the types of batteries, which are the cheapest, can be called lead-acid. In addition to low cost, the advantage of this type was the possibility of their recycling. Another option, nickel-metal hybrid, is more expensive, but its performance is much higher.
The best are lithium-ion batteries, which, of course, are the most expensive. But they have the ability to hold a charge well and at the same time are small in size.
Actual electric motors
Interesting options today are electric motors of hybrid cars, which can be replaced by conventional, internal combustion. Of course, the price of such machines is very high. But it is precisely them that can be called those in which the long-standing problem of the missing power reserve has been successfully solved.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that in the near future, electric motors will inevitably take their rightful place in the production of motor vehicles. Many domestic motorists today have the desired goal of creating an electric motor for a car with their own hands. It turns out that this is not such an unattainable dream. Any car can be taken as a basis, and even the Oka.