In the physics classroom of any educational institution, there are always devices whose value I would like to know, to understand how they work and what they are. The time of the lesson helps to brighten up physical devices - measuring values with their use will make classes more interesting. And students can better learn the material.
What are called physical devices
What are the physical devices around us? In fact, it is a special device that allows you to collect, analyze, calculate and process information obtained from certain phenomena and effects. In addition, they allow you to process the results in order to obtain any information resources that can be operated on in the future.
Physical devices can be used as a means to directly affect any objects or change the course of action of certain processes with their help. You can also transmit information over distances and much more. That is, the mediator between natural phenomena and the human being is the device.
Many physical devices were invented in past centuries, but are used everywhere until today. They could undergo changes that are caused by human progress, but the principle of their work remains in many cases the same, established. And various types of modifications allow expanding the capabilities of human measuring abilities.
Physics classroom
In accordance with the development of the school curriculum and increasing knowledge requirements from schoolchildren, the requirements for equipping classrooms with special equipment are also growing, which will allow the educational process to proceed at a high level and will be able to interest students.
It is quite difficult to equip a physical office at the present time, since the equipment is expensive, and it is quite difficult to find some necessary devices or measuring instruments .
In accordance with the training requirements, a very large list of equipment is needed. The presence of such equipment in the physics office will make the lesson itself one of the school’s favorite activities among the entire spectrum of sciences studied, making it possible to get carried away by the learning process.
Types of physical devices
Physical devices have a huge range - choose any according to your needs. Physical devices around us - they are used in everyday life. Even familiar to all watches are a great example. They allow us to measure time and make plans for the consumption of our own hours as a resource.
To make a measurement of a quantity or value, you just need to take the necessary equipment and know the features of working with it. Need to measure current? Take an ammeter, and it will perfectly cope with this task. In the event of a need to measure strength, it is enough to take a dynamometer and familiarize yourself with the principles of its operation. Want to measure the temperature? To do this, you need to have a thermometer or thermometer, and the problem is solved. The variety of physical devices is quite large and can satisfy the needs of any nature.
Features of the name of the devices
Physical devices, whose names, as a rule, correspond to their functional purpose, are not so difficult to understand. The same ammeter is called so because it determines the current strength in amperes - special measuring units. A voltmeter measures the voltage in volts, a dynamometer measures the force, and in this word, the syllable "dynamo" from the Greek language is translated exactly as "force".
A caliper, a mercury thermometer, a barometer, a voltmeter, a psychometric hygrometer, an ammeter and a dynamometer are all physical measuring devices that must be in the school office during classes related to measuring certain quantities. However, do not forget that the equipment of the physics classroom does not end with measuring equipment, in addition to it, there should be objects in the classroom or audience that allow you to create and cause phenomena that need to be measured. It can be conductors, induction coils, lenses, batteries and much, much more.
Devices surrounding us in everyday life
Physical devices, as mentioned earlier, surround us in everyday life. An example of this was the clock needed to measure time, but the list is not limited to them. A person very often encounters appliances in everyday life. The usual ruler, stopwatch and calculator are great examples of this.
They have various "relatives". So, for example, the ruler allows you to measure the distance. However, other instruments are also used for measurements of this type. Roulette, caliber (tool), vernier caliper and many others are also necessary and some professions cannot do without them. We use equipment for physical measurements in everyday life, on vacation and at work, we may not even notice it or not attach importance to it, but this is so.
Physical quantities
It is only possible to have an accurate idea of a physical quantity if it has been measured. The need for measuring, fixing and analyzing physical quantities appeared in man at his early stage of development, the study of nature and its phenomena. And constant progress required to complicate the methods of measurement in order to obtain more accurate readings.
What is a measurement of physical quantity? This is the process of comparing and comparing it with a value that is taken as a conditional measuring unit. The number of physical quantities is quite diverse and many of them have a huge and long history of their creation and formation in science as a fixed qualitative characteristic.
The simplest types of physical devices
Physical equipment designed to measure something is structured differently. In terms of complexity and type of construction, such things can differ quite significantly. By the way, physical devices can be created personally, with your own hands. Moreover, do not underestimate the importance of simple tools, and sophisticated equipment should be used only if it is absolutely necessary.
Many physical devices have an extremely simple structure, principle and mechanism of operation. These types include the usual ruler, sundial, scales and much more. In other words, this is something that can be built even without outside help and used as a device for measuring units of physical quantities.
The scale of physical measurements and its types
Devices that measure physical quantities have their own set of scales. There is even a science like metrology. She studies the means and methods of measurement, makes it possible to coexist different types of measurements, and solves many problems of a scientific and practical plan.
There are several types of scales (they have various qualities that make them unique):
- Scale for names, which can also be called a scale for classifications. Its numbers play the role of shortcuts and are used to detect various objects.
- Interval scale. It has at its disposal the presence of a certain number of intervals and allows you to measure differences in the magnitude of any phenomena and objects.
- A scale for measuring order (rank), offering to streamline the relationship between objects, in accordance with their physical properties.
- The scale for measuring relations is similar in operation to the scale of intervals, but has a zero point and infinity of value. This allows you to find out how many times the value of the first is greater or less than the second, using the formula: A1 / A2 = k.
- Absolute scale. It allows you to measure the value of absolute values.
The scales of physical devices are built and are based precisely on these types of sign systems. Of course, many of them often have their own measurement standards, that is, each division of the scale can have its own value, which is indicated, as a rule, on the device itself or in the instructions for its use.
Equipment: physics class kit
As mentioned above, the physics cabinet should have both complex and simple physical devices, as well as equipment, a list of which can be found even in regulatory legislative documents.
Spectroscope, spiral resistor, rheostat, pump, magnets, ruler, scales, compass, lens, magnifier, screw clamp, diffraction grating, conductivity sensor, hygrometer, blower, sundial, stopwatch, measuring cylinder, various preparations are just a small list of what should and even must be in every classroom where physics is studied. Moreover, all of the above should be in sufficient quantities to allow each student to be provided with the necessary equipment.
Instruments for measuring physical quantities are the most important attribute of any activity with laboratory research, since without them there will be no practical experience in obtaining measurement values and the possibility of their accurate calculation, and this is an integral part of the educational process.
Types of measurements
There are two types of measurements that are based on different principles for their determination, and you need to know about them, although the same instruments can be used for both varieties:
- Direct measurements, the essence of which is to accurately determine the values of a particular object by measuring its original value.
- In addition to direct measurement, there is an indirect one. Here, the quantity and its value are calculated on the basis of the dependence of the quantities in relation to the one that needs to be found, and with which they are directly related.
The value of physical devices and conclusions
The value of physical equipment cannot be underestimated. It plays a huge role in any physical office, as well as in everyday life. During classes, such devices will make it possible to brighten up time during practical tasks, experiments, and will allow to present information to a student in a more fascinating and understandable light. A well-conducted, interesting lesson will, of course, be more productive than a dozen of those that could not interest the student in a particular topic. If we talk about the importance of physical devices in everyday life, it is precisely these types of objects that allow a person to create many conditions for optimizing and stabilizing his position in nature.