The Jordanian Kingdom (Arab country Jordan) is a state of the Middle East. Founded relatively recently in 1946. Officially, the name of the state sounds like the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Here is a new wonder of the world - Petra (the ancient city). There are only seven such objects around the world. These include well-known architectural structures.
a brief description of
Jordan (the country of Jordan) is lost in the east among deserts, which occupy more than 90% of the entire territory of the state. It borders on the north side with Syria, on the north-east - on Iraq, on the west - on Palestine, and on the south and east - on Saudi Arabia. In the west, the country is washed by the Dead Sea, in the south-west - the Red Sea. The border between Jordan and Israel is r. Jordan. The area of the state is only 92.3 thousand square meters. km, the capital is the city of Amman. It occupies 110th place in the world in occupied territory.
Take a look at the story
Thanks to archaeological excavations, it was found that the first people lived on the territory of Jordan (in the Jordan Valley) another 250 thousand years ago. These were Neanderthals and the ancient Homo sapiens. This is evidenced by the found remains and tools. In the ancient period, the territory belonged first to the Greeks, and then to the Roman Empire. At this time, the first cities began to be built - Amman, Pela, Dion, Jarash. In the Middle Ages, Jordan (the country of Jordan) was part of the Arab Caliphate. Islam was planted here during this period. From 1517 to 1918 it belonged to the Ottoman Empire, and at the beginning of the 20th century passed to Great Britain. Jordan gained independence only in 1946.
Climatic features and topography
Most of the territory lies within the desert plateau with average heights of 800-1000 m. There are low hills and mountains. The highest point that Jordan has (the country of Jordan) is Umm al-Dami (1,854 m). On this territory is a unique geographical feature - the lowest land on the planet - the Dead Sea (-465m).
Jordan is a country with a hot and arid climate. Deserts have a great influence on its formation. Precipitation is only 200 mm / g. Only in the western part of the country, due to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, is a more humid climate and rainy in the autumn.
Population
The population density is 68 people per 1 km 2 . About 9 million people live in Jordan. For many Palestinian refugees, the Arab country of Jordan has become the home. The population allows Jordan to occupy 106th place in the world.
The vast majority (95%) are Arabs. Circassians, Armenians, Kurds, Chechens also live in the country .. By religious affiliation, the majority of the inhabitants are Muslims (more than 90%), 6% are Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Protestant societies). The rest belong to religious minorities - Ismailis, Baha'is. There are practically no atheists in the country.
Language and controls
The official language of Jordan is Arabic. It is used for paperwork, documentation, newspapers are published, they speak on television and radio. However, a long period in the British kingdom also left its mark - English is also widely spoken in the country, which is studied in schools.
Jordan (country of Jordan) is a kingdom where a dualistic monarchy is a form of government . The head of state is the king. He has executive power, and the legislative is limited to parliament. Currently, the king of Jordan is Abdullah II, the heir to the Hamishite dynasty - direct descendants of the prophet Muhammad. He is the commander in chief.
Administrative division and transport
According to the administrative-territorial division, Jordan is divided into 12 regions (governorates). At the head of each region is the governor, who is appointed by the king. Regions, in turn, are divided into districts. There are 52 of them in Jordan.
Transport in the country is developed. Near the capital there is a large airport, a railway line runs through the territory, and buses run in and between cities.
Economy
During its existence, Jordan has experienced many economic crises. In the late 90s, with the advent of the new king, the country embarked on various reforms in all areas of life. Despite the fact that it belongs to the Middle East region, there are no oil and gas reserves here. Also, the economic situation is aggravated by the inability to develop agriculture due to the lack of fertile land. Of the minerals in the kingdom, there are a large number of deposits of phosphates, marble, limestone, dolomite and salt.
Tourism in the country is developing, but at a slow pace. Travelers are repelled by the reputation of a politically unstable region - this is how the media portray the situation in Jordan. The Arab country Jordan, whose sights are famous all over the world, is an interesting direction for Russians. Most often visited by tourists are the Dead Sea, the ancient city of Petra, Sik Canyon, the place of Christ's baptism, temples of Zeus and Artemis.