Some sciences that arose in the twentieth century, such as synergetics and torsiology, raise justifiable doubts. But cybernetics has become a worthy brainchild of the century, although it also suffers from a lack of recognition - too general and abstract, causing many difficulties for researchers. It is technical cybernetics that gives hope to futurists. All breathtaking projects (such as artificial intelligence) are owned by scientists who are passionate about this science. So what is cybernetics?
First of all, this is a field of research on the border of several sciences. She deals with the theoretical aspects of managing complex systems, their limitations and capabilities. Moreover, all objects can be quite complex - cognitive, social, biological, physical or simple mechanical systems. But using sophisticated science for primitive structures is like hammering a nail with a microscope.
What is cybernetics in terms of everyday life? Surely everyone heard about the concept of "feedback." This means that the system is affected, relatively speaking, by the consequences of its own decisions. That is, it is a kind of rational being. And many go further, and the Lord God himself is called the supersystem, and his adversary to Satan is called the antisystem. That is, there are a lot of practical applications for cybernetics right up to systemic religious studies.
What is cybernetics, what is it used for? Widely used by experienced and smart teachers to model the learning process and adaptation. Cybernetics can give much to sociologists in the study, for example, of the issue of social control. However, there are not so many people who are simultaneously versed in sociology and cybernetics, which explains the modern helplessness and descriptiveness of this science. But engineers and biologists are successfully using the methods of cybernetics in their research - and achieve impressive results.
The founder of cybernetics, Norbert Wiener, called it "the scientific rationale for communication and control in artificial and living systems." Modern science includes logical modeling, electrical engineering systemology, evolutionary neuroscience, and the science of the human psyche (socionics, for example). As you can see, the range of knowledge has greatly expanded and includes a lot of new things.
What is cybernetics of information technology? This is the creation of development patterns, the wildest dreams of robotics, a scientific decision-making system for a computer, mathematical modeling (cellular automata), information stimulation.
In biology, under the influence of cybernetics, such directions as bionics, research and attempts to create self-reproducing systems, systems biology that studies the properties of tissues and organs that cannot be deduced from the existing structural features have developed. In a word, the field of science of cybernetics is quite wide and opens the boundaries for future basic research. Many hopes are laid on it - and science justifies them, only researchers are not enough.