Today we suggest you consider the function of peroxisome. What value do they have in the cell? We will also pay attention to what diseases can be detected using this organelle.
Already from the foreword, it becomes clear that peroxisomes are organelles of the cell. The cell, in turn, is part of an incredibly complex constructor of everything that surrounds us. Even a person consists of cells, of which there are a very large number. A cell consists of even smaller parts, but they allow it to lead an independent lifestyle, that is, to unite and create complex structures is not necessary. An example of this is the simplest unicellular creatures, which you probably heard about in biology classes at school.
Before we list and characterize the functions of peroxisomes, we need to understand what it is and how they are arranged.
Peroxisomes
These organelles look like the smallest vacuoles, their size does not reach 1.5 microns. Peroxisomes are surrounded by a thin membrane, and it separates the microgranules inside, from the internal environment of the whole cell. What can we find inside the organoid? The core is located there, it is also called the nucleoid. It is important to understand that this part of the peroxisome has nothing to do with the nuclear structure or with the bacterial nucleoids. Do not confuse these concepts. It often happens that structures resembling crystals are found in the nucleoid zone. They are formed from fibrils and tubules. The core of this organelle is separated from peroxisome, inside it contains uratoxidosis. This is one of the enzymes. Now we propose to consider the functions of peroxisome in the cell. But before that, we will take a closer look at the structure.
Structure
Now we will tell what peroxisomes are, the structure and functions (table) will also be examined by us. To begin, we give a visual aid in the form of a table. Next, we will describe in detail peroxisome structure and functions. A table can be created by us, but suffice it to note that peroxisome consists of a matrix and a nucleotide.
The peroxisome matrix contains 15 enzymes. Let's see which ones. We single out the most significant of them:
- peroxidase;
- catalase;
- oxidosis;
- uratroxidase.
And what function does the nucleotide then? Its role is to condense those very enzymes. Let's look at the method of forming peraxis. They are budding from EPS, so we can argue that the production area of this organoid is EPS. Enzymes are formed in:
Here it is important to clarify that the membrane, although thin, but it does not penetrate even ions and low molecular weight substrates. Now we can consider the functions of peroxisomes. Immediately make a reservation, this organoid is of great importance for the cell.
Functions
The functions of peroxisome are as follows:
- oxidation of organic substances;
- fatty acid oxidation ;
- plasmalogen biosynthesis;
- biosynthesis of isoprenoids in animals;
- cholesterol biosynthesis;
- NDR2 protein localization;
- regulation of systemic inflammation;
- help in the process of respiration in plant cells and so on.
This list can be continued for a very long time, since some functions have not yet been fully explored. Now we offer a little more talk about protein synthesis. It is important to know that these organelles do not contain parts such as:
Based on this, protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Next is the import of peroxisome into the internal environment. How does import from the kernel happen? By the participation of the C-terminal signal. The sequence of this addressing is very short, consists of 3 amino acid residues.
Clinical Examination Value
We examined in the section above what function peroxisomes perform. Now a little about the clinical purpose of these organelles. Now let's talk a little about a disease called Zellweger syndrome. This is a rather serious disease, it is caused by a violation of protein imports. Consequently, peroxisomes are empty, in the cell and in the body as a whole, acute insufficiency of these organelles is detected. People who suffer from these disorders experience difficulties with the work of some important organs, this may include:
Children who are born with this syndrome cannot live long and are forced to leave our world after a very short time. This disease is associated with a mutation of this organoid. Less dangerous forms of the disease are also possible.