The period of antiquity is of great interest to both professional historians and lovers of culture, painting, architecture. Indeed, these two largest civilizations of antiquity have given the world many discoveries, inventions, and achievements in almost all areas of human activity.
Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece are united in historiography under the general name of the Antiquity, Antiquity. These words emphasize the commonality of socio-economic development, artistic culture, perception of the ancient Greeks and Romans, while the Romans become the successors of the great Greek civilization and in many ways it replicates. But already with their characteristic features. The basis of these phenomena is the economic structure, which was based on the slave mode of production. It was slaves from around the world that were the core of the economic development and welfare of these state entities. The history of Ancient Greece and Rome is replete with manifestations of open disobedience of slaves, the most famous of which were the rebellion of the Helots in Sparta and the rebellion of Spartacus in Rome, which were suppressed. But their source was cruelty and absolute indifference to slaves who simply were not perceived as people, and this view was widespread among the nobility and among the free population.
However, the civilization of Ancient Greece and Rome is not limited to slavery. The Greeks are the pioneers of many political phenomena: undoubtedly, the most famous is democracy. Not only democracy came out of the midst of Greek civilization, but also the principle of separation of powers, albeit very primitive and perfected by the Romans, who, in order to avoid arbitrariness, limited the scope of the praetors and quaestors, and senators could even oppose the emperor. Many of these principles formed the basis of European political models. Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece gave the world the Olympic Games, which were first held in the city of Olympia in 776 BC. e. The famous Roman law, consisting of many sections and extremely clearly developed, formed the basis of the legislation of many countries of the world.
But the true heritage of Antiquity is a rich culture that has come to us in a large volume. Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece revealed to the planet such famous people as Aristotle, Archimedes, Thucydides, Homer. Their works and discoveries radically changed the
scientific picture of the world, philosophical views, enriched medieval literature. The works of Cicero, Virgil are classics of elegant literature. Celsus and Galen are the founders of many medical discoveries. Architectural monuments stunning in their monumentality and craftsmanship have been preserved since antiquity. The Parthenon, the temple of Artemis, the
Theater of Dionysus are classics of architecture. The Romans adopted and improved the methods and techniques of erecting structures, and all this was expressed in the Coliseum, the Baths of Caracalla, the
triumphal arches and temples. This Greco-Roman style of architecture was later called the classic. Thus, we can say that Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece are an inexhaustible source of culture for the whole world.