Being a poet of the Bolshevik era, this man became an innovator in the system of managing the production process and labor organization. He attempted to develop a theory of industrial pedagogy, which once and for all neutralized the role of the psychology of craftsmanship.
And Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich became famous in the field of versification. In addition, this person spent a lot of time helping ordinary people. His numerous scientific monographs are still relevant for the cadre of managers who are trying to competently organize the work process. So who is he, Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich, and what is generally known about this, of course, a talented person? Let's consider this question in more detail.
Years of childhood and youth
So, the hero of the article is Gastev Alexey Kapitonovich. A brief biography of this public figure, poet, revolutionary and theorist of labor organization will certainly be useful even for general education.
He was born in the city of Suzdal. Gastev Alexey Kapitonovich (date of birth - September 26, 1882) very early lost his father, who was a teacher in a regular school. Left with his mother, who earned sewing clothes, he helped her from childhood, so that their family would not be below the poverty line. And, despite the difficult financial situation, the boy nevertheless went to study at school.
The prospect of becoming a teacher
Moreover, after her graduation, Gastev Alexey Kapitonovich first enters the school, and then becomes a student of technical courses. The young man is diligent in his studies, so he has every chance to become a student of the capital's teacher's institute, and he does not miss this opportunity. However, in his youth, he was very interested in the revolutionary movement, so he did not graduate from the above university because of his expulsion from it.
Adherent of the ideas of the revolution
At the age of eighteen, Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich became an ardent activist in the political life of the country, supporting “left-wing” movements.
He joins the ranks of the RSDLP. Naturally, the young man gets into the field of vision of the gendarmerie officers and is subjected to numerous arrests and exile, serving his sentence in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tomsk provinces.
In between links, he works as a worker at industrial enterprises in Kharkov and St. Petersburg. In 1906, the young man began to promote and support the trade union movement. Until the October Revolution, Aleksey Kapitonovich, being in his homeland in illegal status, repeatedly hid from the authorities abroad, in particular in Paris.
In 1907, Alexei Kapitonovich Gastev, whose biography contains a lot of interesting and noteworthy information, became a member of the board of the Petrograd Union of Metalworkers and shortly afterwards became secretary of the Central Committee of this structure. But after the revolution, his emphasis in professional activities shifted somewhat.
Niva Writing
At the beginning of the 20th century, Alexei Kapitonovich Gastev, whose photo has not yet appeared in the press, begins to reveal his talent as a poet.
His debut work, which appeared on the pages of the press in 1904, was called "Behind." This was a story telling about the difficult life of political activists who were exiled to remote corners of their homeland. After some time, collections of works by Gastev began to be published, the last of which was published in Moscow in 1923.
New Horizons
At the beginning of the 1920s, Aleksey Kapitonovich gradually abandoned the field of fiction and became more and more involved in the problems of rationalizing labor. He initiates the creation of the Central Institute of Labor (CIT) at the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and himself leads his brainchild.
It is thanks to this structure that Gastev manages to realize all his ideas set forth in scientific monographs. During the time that he headed the CIT, the ex-revolutionary managed to train hundreds of thousands of personnel in his techniques, and, according to the opinions of enterprise directors, they became the most competent specialists in their field.
The fame of the institution, headed by Alexey Gastev, began to spread with great speed, and soon the teachers of CIT began to instruct personnel in the most remote regions of the USSR.
Actual issues of workflow organization
Naturally, in the 30s there were serious flaws in the system of labor organization in Soviet enterprises.
It was precisely on them that Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich paid close attention. "How to work?" - This is exactly what his scientific work is called, devoted to the issues of competent planning of the work process. Its author emphasized that the working person initially does not know how to work in a team, and often resists obeying a person who is higher in the ranks.
And, of course, sometimes the employee neglects the briefing that comes from above, not seeing anything shameful in this. It is these problems that Gastev considers in detail, and, as practice shows, after reading the literature, a person really wants to become an executive and disciplined employee.
“Elemental licentiousness is the root of evil”
The author believed the development of industrialization requires a revolution in culture. And cultural education will not have development if there is no struggle against “spontaneous licentiousness” and enforcing in the society the rules of everyday culture that govern the regime of proper nutrition and rest, planning the day. But this alone is not enough to correct the situation.
It is necessary to improve the socio-psychological atmosphere in society, which will allow the individual to control his behavior and emotions.
Lean Thinking
In 1924, another fundamental work by Gastev was published. It is called "Labor Attitudes." In this monograph, Aleksey Kapitonovich analyzed in detail the theory of the CIT.
His scientific doctrine became the prerequisite for creating modern principles of lean thinking. Gastev published several guidelines for the preparation of a number of specialists, including a locksmith, a textile worker, a fitter, a blacksmith, an aviator, and a turner. In his study, the purpose of which was to prepare the workforce, Alexey Kapitonovich employed the method of studying movements in the performance of a particular work.
As a tool for analysis, he chose cyclography (images of some elements of the movement of human organs involved in labor). Having achieved success in the research, he switched to a global retraining of specialists, having established the commercial company "Installation" for these purposes. The colossal experience of the pre-war and post-industrial years, trips abroad to advanced enterprises, enabled the scientist to produce the theory of the Scientific Organization of Labor (NOT), the principles of which were adopted even by the United States.
But Soviet officials were skeptical of Gastev's lean principles, and his scientific research, set out in many monographs, was ignored by them.
In the early 1930s, Aleksey Kapitonovich became the editor-in-chief of the journal “Bulletin of Standardization”. He also worked in the print media Installation of the Labor Force and Labor Organization.
The scientist tried to perceive the world creatively. In his scientific works, he no longer touches on the themes of the world revolution and cosmopolitanism, he is more concerned with the problems of the common man. Their practical significance is enormous in today's time.
In 1938, the scientist was taken into custody on a false denunciation by the Chekists. And in 1939, Alexei Gastev was shot.