The permanent magnet is intended for use as a source of a constant magnetic field in electrical, automatic, radio engineering and other devices. Moreover, it can significantly reduce their dimensions and weight, while increasing autonomy and reliability. Here, the residual induction of the material for production will always be higher with respect to the magnetic flux density . One of the most effective methods of generating energy is a permanent magnet generator. This can be explained by the fact that the segments included in the magnetic field commute at very low cost, due to the formation of poles with a polarity opposite to the main magnet. The result is the pushing of this segment. In the event that there is another similar element, kinematic magnetic swings begin, the principle of which is reduced to movement on the countercurrent. This, in turn, greatly facilitates the process of introducing a given segment into the magnetic circuit.
Production
Permanent magnets can be magnetized both in a pulsed and in a constant field. The intensity of the latter depends on the shape, size and brand of the device. A very important nuance in this case is its level of resistance to the effects of various external factors. This primarily concerns temperature and demagnetizing fields. Along with this, one should not forget about shock loads and vibration. As for the shapes and sizes, they depend only on the way in which this or that permanent magnet was obtained. Among them,
plastic deformation, casting, vacuum deposition, as well as powder metallurgy can be noted. Based on the production method, the device has four varieties, which will be discussed in more detail below.
Varieties
A deformable permanent magnet appears as a result of pressure or a cutting tool. Its high technology makes the device competitive and allows its use in linear dimensions up to 30 mm. Due to this, it is often used in electronic-mechanical watches. Cast options are processed due to abrasive grinding and stand out among other types by the fact that they have no significant restrictions in terms of size and shape. Based on this, you can meet them in the form of brackets, bars, rings, cylinders and so on. The main advantage of this type of device is that the working volume is very long, which ensures high efficiency. Such a permanent magnet is used most often in magnetrons, high power klystrons, and also in backward wave lamps. Spraying is carried out on a substrate, in the role of which are the details of the magnetic circuit, or rather their surface. The final magnetic characteristics of the device are obtained as a result of heat treatment. They are usually used in retarding structures and electrical filters. Thanks to
powder metallurgy, blended permanent magnets are created on the basis of the
rare-earth metal system. Their key characteristics are high demagnetization resistance, low cost compared to other types, and simple production technology. This makes them dominant in terms of output.