The statements of famous philosophers of antiquity today are striking in their depth. In their free time, the ancient Greeks reflected on the patterns of development of society and nature, as well as on the place of man in the world. Such famous philosophers as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle created a special method of cognition, which is used in our time in all sciences. Therefore, every educated person today must necessarily understand the basic ideas put forward by these great thinkers.
Famous
ancient Greek philosophers became actually the founders of all sciences, developing their
theoretical foundations. Harmony and beauty are the basis of any reasoning. That is why the Greeks, unlike their Egyptian counterparts, sought to deal exclusively with theory, fearing that practice would destroy the elegance and clarity of the conclusions.
Famous philosophers of ancient Greece are primarily Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It is with them that one needs to begin the study of the development of methods of searching for truth. These famous philosophers created fundamental principles that have already been directly developed in the work of their colleagues, including our contemporaries. Let's consider each of them in more detail.
Socrates is the ancestor of the dialectical method of searching and learning the truth. His main principle was the belief in the comprehensibility of the world through self-knowledge. According to Socrates, an intelligent person is not capable of evil deeds, therefore knowledge in the ethics created by him is equal to virtue. He expressed all his thoughts to his student orally in the form of a conversation. Those who disagreed could always express their opinion, but the teacher was almost always able to convince them to admit the incorrectness of their positions, and then the justice of his views, because Socrates is also the founder of a special, “Socratic” method of dispute. It is interesting that Socrates did not agree with the basic principles of Greek democracy, because he believed that a person who is not involved in political activity has no right to talk about it.
All modern famous idealist philosophers rely primarily on the teachings of Plato. Unlike Socrates, for him, the world that surrounds us did not seem to be objective reality. Things are only a reflection of eternal and unchanging types. Beauty for Plato is a peculiar idea, which has no basic characteristics, but which a person feels at special moments of inspiration. All these provisions are well stated in such compositions as “State”, “Fedr” and “Feast”.
Aristotle, known as the educator of the great commander Alexander the Great, although he was a student of Plato, he fundamentally disagreed with his views on the nature of things. Beauty for him is an objective property that may be inherent in certain things. It lies in the symmetry and harmony of proportions. That is why Aristotle pays great attention to mathematics. But the real founder of this science, of course, was Pythagoras.