Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is the oldest settlement. It was founded by the Slavs-Vyatichs about a dozen centuries ago. The village was burned twice - both times during the attack of the Tatar-Mongols. In the first case, Batu did it, who besieged Kozelsk for seven weeks. The second time he was burned by order of the Khan of Almaty several centuries later.
Kaluga region, the city of Kozelsk. General information
At all times, the inhabitants of the village steadfastly endured the hardships that fate presented them. After both burnings, Kozelsk (Kaluga region) was restored to spite of enemies. In 2009, he received an award from the President of the Russian Federation. He became a city of military glory.
Features
Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is located on the left bank of Zhizra. This river is a tributary of the Oka. Kozelsk is located 72 kilometers from Kaluga. The climate here is quite mild. The weather in Kozelsk (Kaluga region) at the beginning of September is sunny and warm. Air temperature is about 20 degrees during the day.
Historical information. First mention
Earlier, Kozelsk (Kaluga region) (his photo is presented in the article) was part of the Chernigov Principality. The first mention of it is dated to the beginning of the XII century. Mstislav Svyatoslavich was the first prince of Kozelsk. He died in a battle with the Mongols. At the beginning of the XIII century, the city defended for seven weeks from the troops of Batu Khan. After he was burned. Later, the city became part of the Karachevsky principality.
Further development
In the XIV century, Titus Mstislavich Kozelsky took part in the battle in the Shishevsky forest. In 1480, the city was incorporated into Lithuania. At this time, he was burned by order of Khan Akhmat. This was done in order to take revenge on Casimir IV, who did not send his troops to help the Horde for a joint campaign. At the beginning of the XVIII century Kozelsk turned into a county town. He was then part of the Moscow province. Later, he belonged to Kaluga governorate.
Life in the period of the USSR
In the 1920s, the settlement became the district center of the Sukhinichy district. In 1944, Kozelsk became part of the Kaluga region. During the Second World War, the village was occupied by German invaders. Later, the Belevsky-Kozelsky operation was carried out. The city liberated the Guards Cavalry Corps.
Infrastructure Features
Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is a rather small city. However, there are many places where guests can eat and stay overnight. In the city there are a large number of hotel complexes. Among them:
- "House of the pilgrim."
- The Knight.
- Kars.
Currently, a lot of tourists stop at these establishments. Most of them come to the city in order to visit Optina deserts. She also has a hotel complex. The city has many religious monuments.
Restaurants and Cafes
In Kozelsk there are a large number of such institutions. Following the example of other settlements in the country, its own version of the meeting cafe also operates here. Gourmets should look into the Rainbow cafeteria and the Kozelsk dining room. Travelers can enjoy delicious meals at reasonable prices.
Kozelsk. Optina deserts (Kaluga region). General information
The complex is a famous monastery. Its foundation is dated to the end of the 16th century. Later it turned into one of the spiritual centers of Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century, the monastery was closed. It has long functioned as a museum. At the end of the century, the Russian Orthodox Church returned the monastery to itself.
Historical reference
The monastery is located a few kilometers from the city. In 1931, on its territory, the Rest House named after Gorky. After the institution was reorganized by special order of L. Beria. Since then, the Kozelsk-1 concentration camp was located here. Several thousand Polish troops were sent here. They were kept here while they were waiting for the exchange of prisoners of war between the USSR and Germany. The officers were supposed to return home. However, in the year 40 they were all shot in Katyn. During the Second World War, the monastery began to function as a hospital. Later it was decided to create a check-filtration center for soldiers who were released from captivity. In the post-war period, a military unit was located here .
Modern realities
Currently, the complex is conducting extensive restoration work on temples. Here is the revival of monastic life. Now the complex has again become the object of pilgrimage. Many believers come here every year. They pray and apply to the relics of the Optina Elders.
Sightseeing Activities and Attractions
Now there are seven temples in the complex. Among them:
- Vvedensky Cathedral. It is the main temple of the monastery. Located in the very center of the complex.
- Temple in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. It is the largest in the complex. Its walls are decorated with numerous frescoes.
- Temple in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. It was restored over a decade ago. In it, just as in the above, the relics of saints are stored.
- Temple in honor of St. Hilarion the Great. It is located outside the complex. The temple is in the same building as the refectory with the hotel. Here the deceased are buried and baptisms are held.
- The temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Bread dispenser". It is located in the utility area of the complex.
- Temple in honor of the Transfiguration. The building was erected in a new location. Previously, there was never a temple there. Here are also the relics of the saint.
Currently, several more churches are being restored on the territory of the monastery. Some of them are already consecrated. Behind the monastery grove is a monastery. Now there are ten monks living there. Entrance to this place is closed to visitors.
Selection of the optimal route
The monastery is located in the Kaluga region, a few kilometers from Kozelsk. Buses leave the capital every day. They depart from the Teply Stan metro station. Every day about ten flights are made. The first bus leaves at 7:00. Some of them make a stop directly in the monastery, the rest follow to the bus station. From there you need to get on a minibus. Passengers spend about five hours on the road. Ticket price - around 450 rubles.