Engineering is a complex of sciences that investigate the technosphere or phenomena important for its development. The first scientists who made a major contribution to the development of technical sciences were Heron, Archimedes, Papp, Leonardo Da Vinci, Vitruvius. The first such science was mechanics. Also a significant contribution to the development of technology was made by such scientists as W. Sane, Roger Bacon, Thomas Bradwardin, D. Uffano, J. Vignola, W. Gelbert.
Until about the 19th century, scientists identified only two types of sciences: humanities and natural sciences. Engineering took an intermediate position. After all, technology is a product created by man and not found in nature. Moreover, it obeys all the same laws as natural objects. The main task of the technical sciences is to study the laws of artificial phenomena and their relationship with the natural sciences.
The history of science and technology includes the discoveries and achievements of great people. We will tell only about two famous Russian scientists - about Lomonosov and Mendeleev.
MV Lomonosov - a great Russian scientist, historian and geographer, physicist and chemist, astronomer and instrument maker, studied natural and technical sciences. He laid down the basic laws of the science of glass, was engaged in the development of a prototype of a helicopter, he also owns the discovery of the atmosphere near the planet Venus. He created a project of the now famous Moscow University, which was subsequently named in his honor.
D. I. Mendeleev - Russian scientist, physiochemist, metrologist, technologist, geologist and meteorologist, economist, instrument builder and balloonist. The most significant and well-known scientific discoveries are the periodic law of chemical elements. He also discovered a critical temperature, investigated the phenomena of isomorphism, created a device that determines the density of a liquid (pycnometer), and is the author of the textbook Organic Chemistry.
What are the technical sciences? Here are just a few examples.
- Architecture is the art of designing and constructing structures and various buildings that a person needs for his daily life. Also called the appearance of buildings architecture.
- Computer science is a relatively young discipline that studies issues related to the collection, storage and use of various information in the fields of human activity.
- Cosmonautics is a technology and science of flights in outer space using manned and automatic vehicles.
- Mechanics is a field of physics that studies the movements and interactions of bodies. This science can be divided into several sections - classical, relativistic and quantum mechanics.
- Engineering is an industry whose task is to design and manufacture all kinds of devices, tools, defense products and consumer goods. It is divided into general, heavy, medium and accurate.
- Chemical technology - this industry is studying the most environmentally friendly and economical methods and means of processing natural materials into intermediate products and consumer products. It is divided into organic and inorganic.
- Electrical engineering is a branch of technical sciences that studies the generation, distribution, and use of electricity energy. It stood out in a science independent of physics at the end of the 19th century.
- Nuclear energy is the energy industry that produces thermal and electric energy through the conversion (fission reaction of plutonium or uranium nuclei) of nuclear energy.
- Technical sciences also include biotechnology, shipbuilding, metallurgy, materials science, systems engineering, astronomy and astrophysics, and many other industries.
The main methods of technical sciences are computer and mathematical modeling of realized or proposed constructions.