The structure of the human respiratory system ensures its work in the body to ensure gas exchange. The human respiratory system consists of the airways and the respiratory department formed by the alveoli. The airways consist of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. In them, the air is heated, moistened, cleaned of dust. In the respiratory section of the respiratory system, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Consider the structure of the human lungs.
The lungs are located in the chest and occupy most of it. Their surface, with the exception of the root, is covered with visceral pleura. Between the sheets of the parietal and visceral pleura is a closed pleural cavity.
Through the roots, the lungs connect to the main bronchi, blood and lymph vessels, and nerves.
Segmental structure of human lungs
The right lung is formed by three lobes, the left - two. Each share consists of segments. The latter are the structural and functional unit of the lungs. The shape of the segment resembles a pyramid, with the apex directed to the root of the lung, and the base to the pleura. The boundary between the segments is the connective tissue, where the intersegmental vessels are located.
In the right lung, the upper lobe consists of the apical, posterior, and anterior segments, the middle lobe consists of the external and internal, and the lower lobe consists of the posterior-upper medial, basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.
In the left lung, the upper lobe combines the apical, posterior, anterior, upper and lower lingual segments, the lower - the posterior-superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal.
In the left lung, the medial basal segment is unstable, and the apical and posterior have a common bronchus.
The bronchopulmonary segment is an anatomical, physiological and clinical unit, within which the development of the pathological process is observed.
Pulmonary arteries and veins form the circulatory system, which is part of the human circulatory system . A small circle begins with the pulmonary trunk, which leaves the right ventricle of the heart and carries venous blood into the lungs. In the alveoli of the lungs, gas exchange occurs, as a result of which the blood is enriched with oxygen and enters through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. Autonomous blood supply to the lungs and bronchi is provided by the bronchial arteries and veins entering the system of a large circle of blood circulation.
Lymph from the lungs flows through the lymphatic vessels to the root of the lung, passing on its way through the lymph nodes. A significant number of lymph nodes are located near the main bronchi and trachea.
The innervation of the bronchopulmonary apparatus is carried out due to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Human lung structure and respiratory system function
The anatomical structure of the human lungs provides external respiration. It provides for pulmonary ventilation and diffusion of gases through the airborne barrier. The general functioning of the respiratory system, blood circulation and cellular respiration forms a single functional system, the work of which is aimed at maintaining the normal course of metabolic processes in the body.
In addition to the function of breathing, the lungs perform a number of non-respiratory functions: metabolic, thermoregulatory, secretory, barrier, excretory. They are involved in many biochemical processes. Non-respiratory lung functions also include anti-inflammatory and immunological.
You should carefully monitor the condition of the lungs and try to lead a healthy lifestyle.