Mark Tullius Cicero ... There will not be enough epithets of the Russian language to describe the great Roman orator, statesman, amazing sage.
About achievements
Thanks to the writings that Mark Tullius Cicero wrote about the state and the policies of emperors and kings, modern scholars can accurately describe past events.
The great Roman sage preached philosophy in its special interpretation, namely, introduced a huge number of new concepts. For example, a definition is a collection of explanatory features of a subject; progress - climbing, moving forward and so on.
The beginning of the era of stoicism
One of the most prominent representatives of the philosophy of stoicism was Mark Tullius Cicero. He talked a lot about the fact that the only source of happiness is none other than human virtue. In the understanding of virtue, Cicero invested such personality traits as wisdom, courage, justice, moderation in all endeavors.
Thus, through his teachings and thoughts, the ancient Roman sage tried to understand what the solution to the problem of opposing personal gain and moral duty was. Understanding this issue, Mark Tullius Cicero came to the conclusion that it was necessary to study practical philosophy.
The culture of ancient Rome: aesthetics, beauty and eloquence
The moral-cognitive position of the philosopher included an inextricable unity between eloquence and the highly moral moral content of a person. Based on the availability of these personal qualities, in the opinion of Cicero, a quite good speaker could have turned out.
The foundation of the development of Roman philosophy laid a solid basis for ancient Greek culture. Mark Tullius Cicero spoke about the comprehension of true philosophical thought, about the concept of its deepest questions, which depend on genuine eloquence - every Roman who respects himself must have it. Teaching the art of speech is what is necessary for the society of ancient Rome.
Along with eloquence, the philosopher emphasized the importance of moral beauty. “It is impossible to achieve deep thoughts and true knowledge if your thoughts pursue base goals,” said Cicero.
Literary heritage
In addition to deep reasoning, Mark Tullius Cicero left a rich literary heritage. It is impossible to describe the volume of all essays, speeches and letters; many were recognizable during his life, many were published only after several centuries. Most of the works are addressed to specific individuals - the friends of the speaker Titus Pomponius and Mark Tullius Tyrone. A total of about 57 manuscripts were preserved, according to unofficial data, the same number was lost.
A huge world asset are several works of philosophical content: books "About the Orator", "Orator" and "Brutus". Here Cicero discusses the ideal methods of teaching and instilling the skills of oratory, and also thinks about the individual style of the speaker.
It is worth noting works of political content. The most famous today are the works "On the State", "On the Laws". Here, Mark Tullius Cicero, whose biography contains management experience, discusses the structure of an ideal state. The ideas that he laid down in each of his work were realized through the Roman constitution: a successful combination of such bodies as the Senate, the Consulate and the National Assembly.
To write later works, Cicero used the Latin language as the main language through which he tried to find a solution to the problems of ancient Greek philosophers. A lot of information can be obtained from the correspondence of the philosopher, which was addressed to famous personalities. In total, about 4 collections of letters have been preserved.
The value of philosophical teachings in the future
Thanks to the philosopher of the Roman era, classical Latin prose appeared, saturated with the wisdom of oratory, as well as deep philosophical thoughts. If initially a small amount of attention was paid to this literary direction, then in the following centuries it was considered exemplary and the most correct.
After the death of Cicero, they were compared with a huge number of speakers, among whom was the famous Demosthenes - a representative of Greek culture and oratory. After more than 100 years, this comparison is one of the most controversial and interesting.
The philosophical teachings of Mark Tullius were valued not only in the era of modernity, but also in the finicky Middle Ages, as well as the vibrant New Age, where recognition of the views of the past as relevant was rare. Cicero believed that the main criterion for a person’s value is his education, which can only be donated by Greek culture. He first used the term humanitas to mean a well-educated, well-read and generally educated person with the proper moral qualities.