Socialism, liberalism, conservatism are the most popular philosophical and socio-political trends in modern science. Anarchism and Marxism were also very popular throughout the 20th century, but now they are finding less and less supporters.
At the same time, it is necessary to know and be able to distinguish all these socio-political trends in order to understand philosophy, sociology, social science and jurisprudence.
Liberal teachings
Socialism, liberalism, conservatism are socio-political movements, the representatives of which today are most in the parliaments of countries around the world. Let's consider them in more detail.
Liberal movement gained great popularity in the 20th century. Liberalism unequivocally stands for the rights and freedoms of any person, regardless of their nationality, religion, beliefs or social status. At the same time, it puts these rights and freedoms above all else, proclaiming them to be the main value. Moreover, under liberalism they represent the basis of economic and social life.
The influence of the church and the state on public institutions is strictly controlled and limited in accordance with the constitution. The main thing that liberals are seeking is permission to speak freely, to choose a religion or to abandon it, to freely vote in any fair and independent election for any candidates.
In economic life, socialism, liberalism, conservatism rely on different priorities. Liberals advocate the complete inviolability of private property, free trade and entrepreneurial activity.
In the field of jurisprudence, the rule of law over all branches of government is central. Everything is equal before the letter of the law, regardless of social and financial status. Comparison of liberalism, conservatism, socialism help to better remember and realize how each of these trends differs from each other.
Socialism
Socialism puts the principle of social justice at the forefront. As well as equality and freedom. In the broad sense of the word, socialism is a social stand that lives by the above principles.
The global goal of socialism is the overthrow of capitalism and the construction in the future of a perfect society - communism. This social system should complete the backstory of mankind and become the beginning of its new, genuine history, the founders and ideologists of this movement claim. To achieve this, all resources are mobilized and applied.
Socialism, liberalism, conservatism differ in their main principles. For socialists, this is a rejection of private property in favor of public property, as well as the introduction of public control over the use of natural resources and resources. Everything in the state is perceived as general - this is one of the fundamental principles of teaching.
Conservatism
The main thing in conservatism is the adherence to traditional, established values and orders, as well as religious doctrines. Preserving traditions and existing public institutions is the main thing that conservatives advocate.
In domestic politics, the main value for them is the existing state and public order. Conservatives categorically against radical reforms, compare them with extremism.
In foreign policy, adherents of this ideology focus on enhancing security when exposed from outside, and allow the use of force to resolve political conflicts. At the same time, friendly relations are maintained with traditional allies, mistrusting new partners.
Anarchism
Speaking about liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism, it is impossible not to mention. This is a political philosophy that is based on absolute freedom. Its main goal is the destruction of any possible way of exploiting one person by another.
Instead of power, anarchists propose the introduction of mutually beneficial cooperation of individuals. The authorities, in their opinion, should be abolished, since it is based on the suppression by the rich and status people of everyone else.
All relations in society should be based on the personal interest of each person, as well as on his voluntary consent, maximum mutual assistance and personal responsibility. Moreover, the main thing is the elimination of any manifestations of power.
Marxism
In order to thoroughly study conservatism, liberalism, socialism, Marxism, it is also necessary to know and understand. This teaching has left a serious imprint on most public institutions of the XX century.
This philosophical teaching was founded in the 19th century by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. However, subsequently, different parties and political movements often interpreted this teaching in their own way.
In fact, Marxism is one of the varieties of socialism, they have a lot in common in all areas. Three components are of key importance in this theory. Historical materialism, when the history of human society is understood as a special case of a natural historical process. Also, the doctrine of surplus value, when the final price of the goods is not determined by the rules of the market, but depends only on the efforts expended for its production. In addition, the basis of Marxism is the idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Comparison of Scientific Theories
In order to thoroughly understand what each of the theories means, it is best to use questions for comparison. Liberalism, conservatism, socialism in this case appear as clear and concise concepts.
The main thing to be sorted out is the role of the state in economic life in each of these exercises, the position on solving social social problems, and also in what each system sees the limits of personal freedom of a citizen.