In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in our country the rights to private, municipal, state and other forms of ownership are recognized and protected.
The enterprise is inherently a kind of property complex, the purpose of which is to implement it by the founders at their own risk and risk of entrepreneurial activity. As a rule, an enterprise includes: equipment, inventory, debts, rights and requirements, as well as all types of property. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, such types and forms of ownership are distinguished as business companies and partnerships, state and municipal enterprises and production cooperatives.
Types of ownership and forms of management:
1) A full partnership leads all types and forms of ownership. It includes persons who carry out their activities on the basis of the contract that will be concluded between them. The responsibility that they bear is unlimited, which, in fact, means the loss of their property in the event of failure or failure of the enterprise.
2) The partnership in faith is slightly different from the first type of management, since in addition to the main participants, it includes investors who are not involved in the activities of the enterprise. As for liability, investors only risk their financial resources contributed to the company, and participants bear the same unlimited liability as the participants of the first form of managing.
3) Limited liability company or LLC. Chief in it are persons who share among themselves all the capital, in accordance with the constituent documents. As the name implies, they only risk their own contributions.
4) Types and forms of ownership are also divided into companies with additional responsibility. As a rule, they are owned by several persons or one. The initial starting capital is divided into shares that the founders risk, but in addition they also bear subsidiary responsibility.
5) Joint stock company. The owners of this type of enterprise are shareholders, that is, owners of shares, both ordinary and preferred. The owner is even one who has only one share of the company. The risk is carried out only within the value that was paid for a specific number of shares. In the event of the ruin of the company, its property will be divided between the owners in order of priority and in accordance with the number of shares that they hold.
6) The next of those who represent the types and forms of ownership will be a production cooperative. It is a voluntary association of citizens and is based on their membership and, first of all, labor participation, with initial contributions as starting capital for starting a company. Such a production association in most cases is engaged in economic activity.
7) A completely different matter is state and municipal unitary enterprises. These are, as a rule, commercial organizations that are not endowed with the right of ownership without securing the property to their owner.
Land can be in both individual and personal possession.
In our country, there are the following types of land ownership :
1) The right to own private property of a legal entity.
2) The right to own private property of an individual.
To this I would like to add that at the moment the right to property in foreign states is an absolutely independent type of law.