Ludwig Boltzmann is the creator of the molecular-kinetic theory of ideal gases. Born in 1844 in Vienna. Boltzmann is a pioneer and pioneer in science. His works and studies were often incomprehensible and rejected by society. However, with the further development of physics, his works were recognized and subsequently published.
The scientific interests of the scientist covered such fundamental areas as physics and mathematics. Since 1867, he worked as a teacher in a number of higher educational institutions. In his studies, he found that the gas pressure is due to the random impact of molecules on the walls of the vessel in which they are located, while the temperature directly depends on the speed of movement of the particles (molecules), in other words, on their kinetic energy. Therefore, the faster these particles move, the higher the temperature. Boltzmann's constant is named after the famous Austrian scientist. It was he who made an invaluable contribution to the development of static physics.
The physical meaning of a given constant
The Boltzmann constant determines the relationship between such physical quantities as temperature and energy. In static mechanics, it plays a major key role. The Boltzmann constant is equal to k = 1,3806505 (24) * 10 -23 J / K. The numbers in parentheses indicate the permissible error of the value of the quantity relative to the last digits. It is worth noting that the Boltzmann constant can also be obtained from other physical constants. However, these calculations are quite complicated and difficult to perform. They require deep knowledge not only in the field of physics, but also in higher mathematics.
The relationship between absolute temperature and energy
The Stefan-Boltzmann constant allows you to relate the characteristics of the micro- and macrocosm, namely the ratio of the speed of movement of molecules to temperature. The formula describing this ratio is as follows: 3 / 2mv 2 = kT.
In a homogeneous gas located in a vessel at a certain temperature T, the energy that falls on each of the degrees of freedom is equal to the ratio kT / 2. Knowing the temperature in which the molecules are located and their mass, it is easy to calculate the root mean square velocity. However, this formula is not suitable for diatomic gases.
Ludwig Boltzmann ratio (entropy - probability)
The entropy of a thermodynamic system can be defined as the logarithm of the thermodynamic probability. This ratio can be called the main achievement and discovery of the great Austrian physicist, which he made at the end of his life's journey. During the life of a scientist, it never won recognition in the scientific community, but four years after his death, this discovery was officially recognized.
A few words in conclusion
The Boltzmann constant not only forms the core of static physics and molecular kinetic theory, but also has had some influence on the further development of physical theories. This applies, for example, to such a section as quantum mechanics.