Alloy metals matter in modern industry. Let us analyze some of them, highlight their distinctive and similar characteristics.
Examples of Alloying Metals
Titanium is an element that is widespread in nature. There are about 60 industrial titanium minerals, but the lead is ilmenite and rutile.
Rutile has about 60 percent titanium in its composition. The density of the mineral is 4.3, and its hardness is 6. It owes its name to the Ilmensky Mountains, where it was first discovered. Today, this mineral is presented as the main source of titanium.
Titanium characteristic
In the middle of the last century, unique characteristics of this element were discovered. It has a high melting point at low density. All alloying metals, including titanium, have high strength and corrosion resistance. It was the mechanical and chemical characteristics of titanium that made it popular in the rocket, aircraft, and aviation industries.
Nowadays, dozens of various grades of durable, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant alloys of titanium with chromium, silicon, aluminum, manganese, copper, and iron have been developed.
Material Features
Noting the question about what alloying metals are, we note that we are talking about those additives that positively affect the technical and operational characteristics of the resulting alloys.
Titanium alloys have shown their resistance to sea water, air, aggressive environments. Minimal corrosion has made titanium one of the most sought-after additives in the creation of alloys.
Spread in nature
Highly alloyed metals in nature are in the form of ores. For example, iron Malkin ores (North Caucasus) contain a sufficient amount of titanium. It is also found in the basaltic rocks of Karachai. Promising consider titanium-magnesite ore in Armenia.
Characteristics of Vanadium
When listing alloy metals, vanadium must also be mentioned. In the earth's crust, it is found in rocks, as well as in ores in a dispersed form. Minerals such as carnotite, patronite, vanadinite are used for industrial isolation. Pure vanadium has a gray color, has a metallic luster.
Vanadium is used in the metallurgical industry, with its help high-quality steels are made. The materials obtained with the addition of vanadium have increased mechanical properties.
Such alloying metals are needed to obtain materials in metallurgy and the automotive industry. Vanadium oxides are used in the chemical industry as a catalyst, they are in demand in photography, painting, dyeing.
What else can you use alloy metals? The list includes tantalum, chromium, niobium, titanium, vanadium. They are needed to obtain corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys used in various fields of technology.
In its pure form, vanadium is used in nuclear energy for the production of electronic devices.
Nickel Characteristic
Answering the question about which metals are alloying for aluminum alloys, we single out nickel. This silver-white metal enhances mechanical resistance and magnetic properties. This is true for jet technology and in the production of gas turbine units. Nickel-chromium alloys are distinguished by increased heat-resistant and heat-resistant characteristics; therefore, they are in demand in nuclear reactors, anticorrosion coatings, and the creation of alkaline batteries.
Chemical alloys are created from alloys with the addition of this metal in the chemical industry, and they are used in the form of catalysts.
Nickel ores are found in Armenia, Georgia, in the North Caucasus.
Cobalt characteristic
In the earth's crust, its content does not exceed 0.004 percent. Of the minerals that are in demand in industry, we note: asbolan, cobaltin, linneite, smaltin.
Cobalt is used for the manufacture of alloys characterized by increased magnetic induction, the creation of heat-resistant and heat-resistant steels. In the ceramic, glass industry, cobalt compounds create a high-quality blue mineral pigment.
A cobalt deposit in Azerbaijan has been identified; it is here that it is mined in industrial volumes.
Molybdenum Characterization
This metal has physical properties that make it similar to lead. For industrial production, molybdenite is used, containing about 70 percent of the metal. In industry, it began to be used in the thirties of the last century to create special alloys. With the addition of molybdenum, the strength and ductility of steel is significantly increased.
It is necessary for aviation, mechanical engineering. Its hard alloys with chromium, vanadium, nickel, tungsten are used for the manufacture of acid-resistant and tool steels. In its pure form, molybdenum is necessary for creating incandescent filaments of electric stoves, as well as in radio and electrical engineering. Its oxide exhibits catalytic properties in oil refining; it is in demand in the creation of paints and chemical reagents.
Conclusion
A variety of alloying metals, currently used in the manufacture of steels, make it possible to impart certain characteristics to alloys. Depending on what requirements are imposed on the produced steels, the use of certain metal additives is expected. For example, the addition of tungsten makes it possible to obtain the heat-resistant steels that the space industry needs.