Old Sviblovo is a typical Russian estate of the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. Unfortunately, time did not spare her, but what was saved was of interest as a historical and cultural monument. In the twentieth century, many rare buildings were lost, but today the estate of Sviblovo is reborn. In 1994, the Moscow Government decided to transfer the estate and create the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Compound on its territory.
History
According to ancient legend, the name of the estate is associated with the name of the governor of Svibla, who served under Dmitry Donskoy. Compound is mentioned in the works of A. S. Pushkin, the works of N. M. Karamzin, but as Svirlovo.
Starting from the 17th century, these lands belonged to the Plescheevs. Then they passed into the possession of Kravchev Peter the Great, who subsequently rose to the post of commandant of St. Petersburg, and then became governor of Moscow.
Main house
In 1704, stone chambers appeared in the estate. The main house was built by Swedish soldiers captured after the Battle of Poltava. In 1709, the Trinity Church was rebuilt from stone again. The bell that crowned it went to the owner as a trophy from the Swedes.
Judging by the preserved documents, the estate of Sviblovo was surrounded by an English-style garden. There were spruce, linden and birch alleys in it. Flower beds with various plants were planted along them. There was a theater in this garden.
The main house looked very picturesque from the Yauza side. At its bend was an artificial island, which was divided into four sectors and decorated with a picturesque gazebo. A wooden rotunda made of tez, which had a tent covering, ended with a belvedere. And its top was crowned with a spire. In those days, with the help of dams that were built near the island, the meadow was filled with water, and it was possible to get to the rotunda only on a wooden raft. A walking path was laid from the house to the swimming pool. A round platform with a recreation pavilion was organized here.
This estate passed to the Golitsyn family after M.S. Pleshcheeva became the wife of one of the representatives of this ancient family - P. Ya. Golitsyn. True, they did not remain the owners of the estate for long.
In 1782, the estate was bought by Major General N.P. Vysotsky, who was the nephew of Grigory Potemkin, the favorite of Empress Catherine the Second. In the 20s of the XIX century, the estate again transferred to a new owner. This time they became a wealthy merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov, and in 1867 B.K. Khalatov bought it. Its last owner before the October Revolution was his son - G. B. Khalatov.
Manor after the revolution
During the rule of the Bolshevik government, the estate of Sviblovo gradually began to decline - part of the park was cut down, many buildings were demolished, and those buildings that were preserved were used for household needs.
At first, the Revkom of the local settlement was placed in the main manor house, later communal apartments for military personnel were arranged here, which at that time were assigned to the railway guard.
Manor Sviblovo today
Since 1997, the estate of Sviblovo, the photo of which you see in our article, has been the property of the Russian Orthodox Church. She is gradually reborn.
Today, the territory has been ennobled, the ponds have been cleaned, the canal located around the island has been restored. The lost rotunda gazebo was recreated on it. The main manor house, which was built in the style of classicism, was also restored.
Once upon a time, its front parts were decorated with graceful balconies resting on columns. The second floor and the mezzanine were built of wood, but during the restoration they were made of stone. The central part of the structure is distinguished by a portico, which consists of four columns.
On two sides of the main house of the estate are outbuildings that give the building rigor and solemnity. At the initial construction they were also wooden, but during the reconstruction they were built of brick.
The L-shaped human wing has survived to our times. It was built at the beginning of the XIX century on the foundation of the chambers that were built in the XVIII century. A wooden second floor was built above it at the end of the 19th century.
Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in the estate Sviblovo
Surprisingly, this ancient temple also survived in the estate. It was built in 1708 in the Baroque style. The temple in the Sviblovo estate is distinguished by the decorative decoration of the interior, made in the same style. True, they added some elements of architecture that are typical of Peter's time. At the end of the 17th century, a bell tower built in the style of classicism appeared near the temple.
School in the estate Sviblovo
Today in the estate works the Orthodox School named after Sergius of Radonezh. She accepted her first students in September 2001. The opening of the school was blessed by Alexy II - Patriarch of All Russia. Nine years later (2010), the school received the status of a non-state secondary comprehensive Orthodox school. Having received a license in 2011, the school became an independent educational institution.
In addition to the general educational program, students study such disciplines as the Law of God, the foundations of Orthodox culture, church singing, liturgics, the history of the New and Old Testament, and ancient languages.
In addition, the guys are engaged in various crafts - bead embroidery, ceramics, artistic embroidery, master the basics of gold embroidery, weave lace, and paint on glass and silk. School students participate in national and international exhibitions, where their works never go unnoticed.
Schoolchildren and the basics of stage mastery are available to students, where young talents put on interesting performances, make films that devote to anniversary events in the life of the country and the Orthodox Church.
Children and youth school choir is a regular participant in all-Russian and international competitions and festivals of Russian folk and sacred music. He many times became their laureate.
Today the Sviblovo estate, located at Lazoreviy proezd, 15, has become a cultural destination for many Muscovites who want to know the history of their native places.