One of the main problems faced by both experienced and novice lovers of the design of electrical and radio devices is the power supply. For these needs, a device such as a power source (IP) has been developed.
When choosing such a device, a number of necessary factors must be taken into account, which are determined by the operating conditions, safety requirements, load properties and others. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the types of devices such as a network power supply - it can be powerful, medium power or micro-powerful.
First of all, you need to pay attention to the compliance of the parameters of such a device with the requirements of the most powered device. The power supply has a certain number of similar characteristics plan: current consumption , supply voltage, required (normal or nominal) level for voltage stabilization, allowable (as well as its minimum and maximum value) voltage ripple level.
Also, the power source has some qualities and characteristics that directly affect its operation and scope. For example, the presence or absence of a protection system, the weight and dimensions of the device.
A power source is an integral part of any electronic device. Means of both primary and secondary power supply must absolutely meet the necessary required criteria, which are presented both in general to the equipment and its component parts. If a device such as a power source has some parameters that exceed acceptable limits, then this can lead to dissonance in the device and its breakdown.
There are several types of network power sources:
- with a capacitor or a quenching resistor (the so-called transformerless);
- linear, which are made according to the classical scheme (transformer-rectifier, then filtering and stabilization);
- pulse high voltage and high frequency;
- pulse secondary (operate according to the transformer-filter-high-frequency converter circuit);
- autonomous power sources;
- linear PI.
Linear are the most simple and affordable for amateur radio. They are often used in small-sized devices, such as chargers, batteries, power supplies, alarm systems and more. Also here can be attributed an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
However, when using current values in excess of one ampere, the efficiency of using a device such as a linear power supply decreases sharply for a number of reasons:
- the stabilization coefficient will be unstable due to fluctuations in the mains voltage;
- high currents require the installation of large radiators on control transistors and rectifying diodes;
- A deliberately higher voltage will be supplied to the stabilizer input than any allowable voltage during fluctuations in the network.
Recently, however, pulse converters (secondary), as well as a power source based on high-frequency converters with transformerless inputs, have become quite common.