The dissemination of information, its further collection and processing within modern society is due to special resources: human, financial, technical and others. At a certain point, this data is collected in one place, structured according to predetermined criteria, combined into convenient for use special databases. The information system is a tool with which the processing of received information is carried out. The main function of IP is to provide relevant information to people. In other words, it satisfies the need for information within a given area of ​​the subject. The product of the information system are data arrays , structured databases, various types of documents. Further in the article we will analyze in more detail the purpose, tasks and properties of these structures.
Classification
Information systems, depending on the type of processing the received data they use, are divided into two groups. The first includes structures whose work is carried out according to complex schemes. These systems are capable of independently processing information. This category includes, for example, automated programs. The second group includes information and reference systems. They do not have complex information processing schemes. A referral system is a structure that provides data upon special request. It is designed to quickly search and submit information in a convenient format.
Information and reference system. Characteristic
The main objectives of this structure are the collection, processing for further storage and the provision of information to users on relevant requests. The type and content of the information provided is formed under the influence of the data stored in the reference repositories. The process of issuing the requested information is based on an associative search in the databases (repositories) with their subsequent processing into a user-friendly format. The information and reference system of the archival industry allows you to accumulate and save data over long periods of time. It is also possible to exchange information with external sources, subscribers. You can give the following examples of information and reference systems: city ​​information, the dispatching service of the organization, data retrieval departments in repositories, and others.
In the structure under consideration there are several elements. The main components that the information and referral system includes are:
- Shared storage.
- Specialized devices that convert information into a format accessible to the subscriber.
- Information transfer channels.
- A special element (the “brain” of a structure, a processor) that processes a data stream (a group of people or an electronic computer).
Types of information and reference systems
In total, there are two types of structures: factual and documentary. In the first case, information and reference systems include schemes based on the provision of a general set of facts: the name of the processes, the name of objects, the value of quantities, and others. The documentary type of system feeds the information stored in it in the form of documents: legislative acts, regulations, certificates, and so on. Factographic-type structures differ from each other in the complexity of data processing. The simplest types of such systems are those that are based on the principle of searching for the required information in your repository. More complex schemes use semantic processing of their data in their work. So, they are able, for example, to select only the necessary information (fact, paragraph) from the general text of the document. The greatest practical application was received by an information and reference system based on a combination of two types: documentary-factographic.
AISS: Description
The degree of automation of information processing processes has a significant impact on the efficiency of any help system. In this regard, recently automated programs for searching, collecting and structuring data have been universally developed and implemented. They are created on the basis of powerful electronic computers. Thanks to the development of the use of computers, the process of updating and storing information was greatly facilitated. The main elements of most AISS are:
- The technical component. This is directly the computer itself, which acts as the brain of the structure, a set of related equipment that provides input / output of information, devices that allow the user to work with the database, electronic information storage devices (disks, magnetic tapes, and others).
- Information storage and software. The automated information and reference system and subscribers are connected using standard devices (teletypes). They, in turn, are connected directly to the computer using telephone or telegraph channels. Particularly popular with subscribers received remotes with built-in screens. The monitors display information from the help system. The remotes are also equipped with a special keyboard, through which there is control and input of the necessary data.
AISS structure
An automated information and reference system is based on combining several repositories. They contain all the necessary data for the functioning of this structure. Information is structured in a certain way, taking into account all the requirements in form, type and time of submission after a user’s request. The level of information contained in the system, the quality of their updating and structuring directly depends on the characteristics of storages and their quantity.
AISS software
There is a set of special programs that allow you to perform certain algorithms for converting information and manage all processes taking place inside the system. This type of collateral is made using several "formal languages":
- the outside world, with the help of which the subscriber generates his request to the system;
- informational;
- programs and routines;
- programming.
Performance
The productivity of any help system is affected by:
- structural organization of processes based on sequential data processing;
- optimal distribution of its resources and operating modes;
- clarity of understanding of user commands.
Also, the increase in the average productivity of AISS is achieved through the introduction of the latest software. It, in turn, has an impact on the calculation processes and allows you to work in multitasking modes.
AISS features
The work of modern information and reference systems is based on determining priorities in servicing users and choosing the most important tasks. In this case, the process of combining the modes of receipt of new requests and the issuance of information in certain time periods determined by the program occurs. In the cases of non-standard information search parameters appearing, the system is also able, without using additional resources, to find the necessary data. The modern structure is capable of serving several users at the same time without loss of time and quality of the information provided (their exact number is determined by technical support).
AISS found its application in such sectors of the economy as industry and agriculture, with the help of which automated processes take place at enterprises and organizations of a scientific orientation. Legal information and reference systems are also very popular, allowing subscribers in a huge database to find the necessary information on the requested regulatory act.