Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich was a major party and statesman in Soviet times. He was twice a Hero of Socialist Labor. The date of birth of Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin is February 8 (12), 1904. St. Petersburg was the native city of the activist.
Alexei Kosygin: biography
The name of the mother of the future leader is Matron Alexandrovna. My father's name was Nikolai Ilyich. The receivers (spiritual parents) were S. N. Stukolov and M. I. Egorova. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich was baptized in childhood (March 7, 1904). He was the third child. The Kosygin family of Alexei Nikolaevich belonged to immigrants from the peasants. My father worked at the factory as a turner. Alexei's mother died when he was almost three years old.
Youth and first working activity
From the end of 1919 to March 1921 he served in the 7th Army 16 and 61 of the military field construction in the Petrograd-Murmansk section. From 1921 to 1924, Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich was a student of the All-Russian food courses of the People's Commissariat of Food. He studied at the Petrograd College. After his graduation, he was sent to Novosibirsk. There he was an instructor of the regional union of consumer cooperation. From 1924 to 1926 he lived and worked in Tyumen, for the next two years he was a member of the board, head. organizational department of the Lensky union of consumer cooperation in Kirensk. In this city in 1927, Kosygin Alexei became a member of the CPSU (B.). The following year he returned to Novosibirsk. Here he held the position of head. planning department in the Siberian regional union of consumer cooperation. In 1930, having returned to Leningrad, Alexei Kosygin entered the Textile Institute and graduated in 1935. From 1936 to 1937 He works as a foreman and then as shift supervisor at the factory named after Zhelyabova. From 1937 to 1938 - Director of the Fab. "October". In 1938, he was appointed head of the industrial transport department in the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU (B.). In the same year, he was transferred to the post of chairman of the city executive committee. He stayed in this post until 1939. At the XVIII Congress, Kosygin Alexei becomes a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In the same year he was appointed People's Commissar of the textile industry. He held this position until 1940.
Years of war
On June 24, 1941, he was appointed deputy chairman of the Evacuation Council. July 11, a special group of inspectors is formed. Kosygin becomes its leader. In the second half of 1941, this group evacuated 1,523 enterprises, including 1,360 large ones. From mid-January to July 42nd, Kosygin Alexei, being the authorized GKO in Leningrad, provided supplies to the troops and population of the besieged city. In addition, he participated in the activities of local party bodies on the Leningrad Front. Along with this, the leadership of the evacuation of civilians from Leningrad lay on it. He also participated in the laying of the "Roads of Life." On August 23, 1943, he was appointed authorized to ensure the procurement of local types of fuel. On June 23 of the same year, he was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
Post-war career
After the Second World War, he is appointed chairman of the operational bureau of the Council of People's Commissars. In addition, he was involved in the activities of the Special Committee (atomic). In 1946, on March 19, he was approved for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In addition, he was nominated for membership in the Politburo. In the hunger period of 1946-1947. Kosygin supervised the provision of food assistance to the most needy areas. On February 8, 1947, he was appointed head of the Bureau of Trade and Light Industry. In 1948, he became a member of the Politburo. In February of the same year, he held the post of Minister of Finance. In early July, he was relieved of his post as head of the Bureau of Light Industry and Trade. December 28, he is approved for a new post. He becomes Minister of Light Industry. This position was assigned to him until 1953. He was relieved of the duties of the Minister of Finance. In early February, he was appointed head of the Bureau of Commerce. October 16, 1952 — they nominate a candidate for membership in the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.
Activities after the death of Stalin
Kosygin has lost the post of deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers, where he has been on since 1940. In mid-March 1953, personnel shifts took place. In particular, the Ministry of Food and Light Industry is being formed, combining 4 departments. August 24 is undergoing its reorganization. It is being transformed into the Ministry of Food Industry under the leadership of Kosygin. December 7, he returned to the post of deputy. Head SM. December 22, he is appointed chairman of the Bureau of Industry of industrial and consumer goods. In 1955, he was relieved of this post. On February 26 of the same year, he was approved as a member of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers; on March 22, he joined the Commission on Current Affairs. Since August 26, Kosygin has been working in the group for the production of consumer goods. On December 25, 1956, he was appointed the first deputy head of the State Economic Commission of the SM for the current planning of the national economic complex. In 1957, he was approved as a member of the Main Military Council at the Council of Defense. In June of the same year he was elected as a candidate for the Presidium of the Central Committee.
Work under Khrushchev
Thanks to the support of Nikita Sergeyevich, Kosygin was able to return to the post of candidate for the Presidium. On March 31, 1958, a new appointment took place. Kosygina is confirmed by the Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the CM on prices. From March 20, 1959 to 05/04/1960, he leads the State Planning Commission. In 1959, he was appointed a member of the Defense Council. On March 24 of the same year, he became the country's representative in the CMEA. On August 13, he will be relieved of his post as chairman of a commission on prices in the Presidium of the Council of Ministers.
Activities from 1960 to 1964
Since May 4, 60, he has been the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers. in 1962, on April 28, he was approved as a member of the Presidium. On the same year, on February 20, his first award takes place. For services to the Communist Party and the country in communist construction, as well as in connection with the 60th anniversary, Kosygin received the Hero of Socialist Labor. From October 13 to 14, 1964, at a meeting of the Presidium, a discussion was held on the removal of Khrushchev. Kosygin called his management style "not Leninist." At the meeting, he supported a group that advocated for his removal.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
He took this post on October 15, 1964. The post was assigned to him for 16 years. This period is considered a record. The new Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR sought to achieve cardinal changes in the economy. He set forth his proposals in a report on improving planning, improving industrial management, and strengthening production incentives. He presented his report at the Plenum of the Central Committee in September 1965. Reforms of Alexei Kosygin suggested decentralization of national economic planning, strengthening the role of integrated coefficients of economic efficiency (profitability, profit), expanding the independence of enterprises.
Success
In the period from 1966 to 1970, Kosygin's plans were actively implemented. This five-year plan is considered the most successful in the country in all of Soviet history. They even began to call it "golden." During this five-year period, national income increased by 186%, consumer output - by 203%, retail turnover - by 198%, and the payroll increased by 220%. This economic success was due to the expansion of the independence of enterprises, a sharp decrease in indicators approved from above. Instead of the gross volume of production, the volume of sales was established, the cost was replaced by profitability and profit. In addition, the importance of economic interaction between enterprises and the establishment of contractual relations between microeconomic entities was enhanced. In 1974, Kosygin again received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
Other areas of work
Kosygin also made a significant contribution to foreign policy. So, thanks to him, relations with China were normalized during the border conflict on about. Damansky. Kosygin personally met with Zhou Enlai (Prime Minister of the State Council) at the airport in Beijing. As a result of negotiations, he forbade the Soviet units to occupy the island after the expulsion of the Chinese. Accordingly, the troops of China immediately occupied Damansky. Subsequently, the island was merged with the mainland and from that moment acts as an integral part of the territory of China. Kosygin also made a great contribution to the organization and holding of the 1980 Olympics. As Varennikov testifies, in 1979 he was the only one of all members of the Politburo who opposed the sending of Soviet soldiers to Afghanistan. From that moment, relations with Brezhnev and his closest associates were severed.
Last years
In 1980, on October 21, Kosygin was relieved of his job as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. On the 23rd, he submitted an application to remove him from the post of head of the SM due to poor health. As Grishin testifies, the then first secretary of the CPSU City Committee, Kosygin, already in the hospital, was very worried about the upcoming 11th five-year plan. He feared that it would be a failure, because, in his opinion, the Politburo did not want to constructively resolve the economic issue. Alexei Nikolayevich died on December 18, 1980. A message about his death, however, appeared in the official press only three days later. Such a delay was due to the celebration of Brezhnev’s birthday. In order not to overshadow the triumph, it was decided to postpone the news.
The funeral
For the burial of prominent statesmen, politicians and people who had special merits to the Fatherland, a necropolis was created near the Kremlin wall. There are two types of burials. Most of the figures are cremated. The necropolis near the Kremlin wall includes a columbarium for urns with ashes. At one time, foreign communist revolutionaries were also buried here. Kosygin urn with ashes was installed on the right side on December 24, 1980.
Descendants
His wife was Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina. In the marriage, a daughter Lyudmila was born. There are no records about whether there were other children of Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich. Daughter Lyudmila served as director in the Library of Foreign Literature. The grandchildren of Alexei Kosygin keep the memory of their grandfather. In particular, Tatyana has a whole archive of records. Grandson Alexei is a famous geoinformatics scientist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and director of the Geophysical Center.
Memories
In their notes, contemporaries called Kosygin distinctive features clarity and efficiency. He was well-educated, but laconic. Kosygin could not stand empty talk. In speech, he was simple and restrained, sometimes harsh. His whole character was manifested in communication with others. As Evgeny Chazov recalled, neither Khrushchev nor Brezhnev liked Kosygin. However, both of them trusted him in managing the economy. Some sources have criticized the previous leadership. Kosygin was accused of excesses. However, according to the memoirs of the same Chazov, the house in which he lived externally and interiorly differed significantly from the huge one, with claims to pompous Brezhnev’s dwelling in Zarechye. Kosygin himself was modest and intelligent.