The intelligent man, or Homo sapiens, has undergone many changes since its inception, both in the structure of the body and in social, spiritual development.
The emergence of people who had a modern physical appearance (type) and changed ancient people occurred in the Late Paleolithic. Their skeletons were first discovered in the Cromagnon grotto in France, so people of this type were called Cro-Magnons. It was they who were inherent in the complex of all the basic physiological features that are characteristic of us. Their mental development in comparison with that of Neanderthals has reached a high level. It is Cro-Magnon scientists who consider our direct ancestors.
For some time this type of people existed simultaneously with Neanderthals, who later died, since only the Cro-Magnons were sufficiently adapted to environmental conditions. It is in them that stone tools come out of everyday life, and they are replaced by more skillfully crafted bones and horns. In addition, more types of these tools appear - all kinds of drills, scrapers, harpoons and needles appear. This makes people more independent from climatic conditions and allows them to explore new territories. Homo sapiens changes their behavior in relation to elders, a connection between generations appears - the continuity of traditions, the transfer of experience, knowledge.
Summing up the above, we can distinguish the main aspects of the formation of the species Homo sapiens:
- spiritual and psychological development, which leads to self-knowledge and the development of abstract thinking. As a result, the emergence of art, as evidenced by cave paintings and paintings;
- pronunciation of articulate sounds (the emergence of speech);
- thirst for knowledge to transfer it to their fellow tribesmen;
- the creation of new, more advanced tools;
- Neolithic revolution, which allowed to tame (domesticate) wild animals and cultivate plants.
These events have become an important milestone in the development of man. It was they who allowed him not to depend on the environment and
even exercise control over some of its parties. Homo sapiens continues to undergo changes, the most important of which is
scientific and technological progress.Using the benefits of modern civilization, progress, people are still trying to establish power over the forces of nature: changing the course of rivers, draining swamps, populating territories on which life was previously impossible.
According to modern classification, the species "Homo sapiens" is divided into 2 subspecies - "Homo idalt" and "Homo sapiens". This division into subspecies appeared after the discovery in 1997 of remains that had some anatomical features similar to the skeleton of a modern person, in particular, the size of the skull.
According to scientific data, a reasonable person appeared 70-60 thousand years ago, and during all this time of his existence as a species, he improved under the influence of only social forces, because no changes were found from the anatomical and physiological structure.