Security - a written document drawn up in an approved form and having protection against forgery, which certifies the property rights arising upon its presentation. Depending on the rights to be fixed, types of securities are distinguished.
Securities themselves determine such property rights as the right to demand payment of the amount of money indicated in it, transfer of property, etc. The transfer of rights to securities is impossible without the transfer of the documents themselves.
The main types of securities are as follows: bond, government bond, check, bill of exchange, savings certificate, certificate of deposit, stock, bank passbook to bearer, privatization securities.
According to the subjects of rights, the types of securities are distinguished as follows: registered, bearer, order.
Registered securities are required to have an indication of the specific person to whom the security belongs . All property rights in it belong only to the person named in it. These include registered shares, bonds, certificates of deposit, etc.
Bearer securities do not indicate a specific person, and all rights to it belong to its actual owner. These documents include winning lottery tickets, savings and bank certificates to bearer, bearer bonds, etc.
In order securities indicate the person who has the right to receive property rights. The holder of order paper may exercise these rights independently or appoint another person for this.
The nature and types of securities are determined by many factors. First of all, you need to know that in world practice they are divided into two large classes: basic and derivatives.
The main ones are securities that determine property rights to certain assets (money, capital, goods, property, resources, etc.). In turn, the main papers are divided into more specific subgroups, which are primary and secondary documents. Primary are based on assets, which do not include securities in themselves (mortgages, stocks, bonds, bills, etc.). Secondary securities are issued on the basis of primary securities and are documents for securities (such as depositary receipts, warrants, etc.).
There are many types of securities that differ in the rights assigned to them of holders and issuers. In this regard, classic types of securities are distinguished.
A bill of exchange is a written obligation of a debtor to repay a debt, which is legally regulated by bill of exchange law.
A share is a single contribution to the initial authorized capital formed by a joint-stock company, with the ensuing rights and rules.
A bond is a debt obligation of a single nature, which consists in guaranteeing the repayment of a sum of money after a certain legal period with payment of a certain income or without it.
Bill of lading - an international form contract concluded for the carriage of goods, which certifies the loading of goods, their transportation and the right to receive.
Bank certificate - a certificate of savings (deposit) deposit of funds to the bank, in which the latter undertakes to pay this deposit with the established interest after the period specified by the contract.
A check is an instruction of the drawer in writing to the bank to pay the check recipient a certain documented amount of money.
A certificate of deposit is a document that certifies the right of holders to the amount of the deposit that was made to the bank, and the rights of the holder of the certificate to issue the deposit amount and interest on it within the prescribed period.
Privatization check - a targeted state security required for the transfer of privatization objects (shares, shares, property) to citizens.
These types of papers are the most common in practice.