Being underground and remaining completely invisible, the root forms entire systems that directly depend on the environment. If necessary, the type can be modified to provide the plant with everything necessary for growth and development.
Root and its meaning
The root is the underground part of the plant. It reliably holds an escape in the ground. The trunk length of some trees can be several tens of meters, but even strong gusts of wind are not terrible.
The main function of the root is the absorption and transportation of water with nutrients dissolved in it. This is the only way to get the necessary amount of moisture into the plant.
Types of roots
According to the structural features, three types of roots are distinguished.
The main root of a plant is always one. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, it develops from the germinal root of the seed. Side roots depart from it. They increase the absorbing surface area, allowing the plant to absorb the greatest amount of water.
The adventitious roots depart directly from the shoot . There are a lot of them, they grow in a bunch. All types of roots have the same features of the internal structure. This element of the plant is made up of tissues. The integument forms a root cap, which protects the educational cells of the division zone from death. The stretch zone also consists of young, constantly dividing cells. Elements of conductive tissue and mechanical are in the area of absorption and conduct. They constitute the bulk of any kind of roots.
To provide the plant with the necessary amount of water, only one root is not enough for it. Therefore, different types of roots combine to form systems.
Rod and fibrous root system
The fibrous system is represented by subordinate roots. They are characteristic of representatives of the class Monocotyledonous - the families Cereal, Liliaceae and Onion. Anyone who tried to tear a shoot of wheat from the ground knows that this is quite difficult to do. The bunch of subordinate roots grows very much, occupies a large area, providing the plant with the necessary amount of nutrients. Bulbs of garlic or leek, as a modification of the shoot , also have developed accessory roots, combined into a fibrous root system.
Consider the following type. The root root system consists of two types of roots: the main and the lateral. The single main root is the stem and explains the name of this organ of plants. It can penetrate deep into the soil, not only reliably holding its owner, but also getting scarce moisture from the lower layers of the soil. A few tens of meters is not an obstacle for him.
The root root system is characteristic of most angiosperms because it is universal. The main root draws water from the depths, the lateral ones - from the upper soil layer.
Benefits
The root root system is characteristic of plants growing under conditions of moisture deficiency. If there is no rain, the upper layers of the soil are dry, water can only be taken deep from under the ground. This function is performed by the main root. The rod root system sometimes exceeds the length of the shoot itself. For example, a camel spine about 30 cm high has a root longer than 20 m.
Lateral roots are also important. They increase the absorption surface, sometimes occupying a significant area.
What plants do not have a rooted root system? Those that live in conditions of excessive moisture. Such plants simply do not need to get water from the depths. However, the rooted root system significantly loses fibrous along the total length of the roots.
Root Modifications
The core root system, the structure of which fully corresponds to the functions performed, is sometimes modified. The well-known root vegetables of carrots are the thickened main roots. They store water and nutrients that allow plants to survive adverse environmental conditions. Such a modified core root system is also characteristic of beets, radishes, radishes, parsley.
Root crops are especially common in perennial and biennial plants. So, by sowing carrot seeds in the spring, in the fall you can already get a crop. But if the plant is left in the ground for the winter, then in the spring it will again shoot and give seeds. In the cold winter, carrots survive due to the thickened main root - the root crop. It allows you to hold on stocks until the onset of heat.
The type of plant root system depends on the conditions in which it grows, and the characteristic features of the structure provide vital processes and increase the chances of survival in any climate and with any available amount of moisture and nutrients.