Let's talk about how to find protons, neutrons and electrons. There are three types of elementary particles in an atom, each of which has its own elementary charge, mass.
Core structure
In order to understand how to find protons, neutrons, and electrons, we present the structural features of the nucleus. It is the main part of the atom. Inside the nucleus are protons and neutrons, called nucleons. Inside the nucleus, these particles can pass into each other.
For example, to find protons, neutrons, and electrons in a hydrogen atom, you need to know its serial number. If we take into account that it is this element that leads the periodic system, then its nucleus contains one proton.
The diameter of the atomic nucleus is ten thousandth of the total size of the atom. The bulk of the entire atom is concentrated in it. The mass of the nucleus exceeds thousands of times the sum of all the electrons in the atom.
Particle Characterization
Consider how to find protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom, and learn about their features. A proton is an elementary particle that corresponds to the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Its mass exceeds the electron by 1836 times. To determine the unit of electricity passing through a conductor with a given cross section, an electric charge is used.
Each atom has a certain number of protons in its nucleus. It is a constant, characterizes the chemical and physical properties of this element.
How to find protons, neutrons and electrons in a carbon atom? The serial number of this chemical element 6, therefore, the nucleus contains six protons. According to the planetary model of the atom’s structure, six electrons move around the nucleus in orbits. To determine the number of neutrons from the relative atomic mass of carbon (12), subtract the number of protons (6), we get six neutrons.
For an iron atom, the number of protons corresponds to 26, that is, this element has the 26th sequence number in the periodic table.
A neutron is an electrically neutral particle, unstable in a free state. A neutron can spontaneously transform into a positively charged proton, while emitting an antineutrino and an electron. The average half-life is 12 minutes. Mass number is the total value of the number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of an atom. Let's try to find out how to find protons, neutrons and electrons in an ion? If an atom during a chemical interaction with another element acquires a positive oxidation state, then the number of protons and neutrons in it does not change, only electrons become smaller.
Conclusion
There were several theories regarding the structure of the atom, but none of them was viable. Prior to the version created by Rutherford, there was no detailed explanation about the location of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus, as well as about the rotation of electrons in circular orbits. After the advent of the theory of the planetary structure of the atom, researchers have the opportunity not only to determine the number of elementary particles in the atom, but also to predict the physical and chemical properties of a particular chemical element.