Using gas discharge indicators, you can make a very interesting Nixie Clock. In this regard, a person has many opportunities. Schemes for watches have the opportunity to use the most diverse. In addition, creative people may think of an interesting watch design.
Some believe that gas discharge lamps have many drawbacks, and therefore it is better to use fluorescent analogues, but this is a misconception. In the first case, a person receives material that works stably and does not overheat much. While fluorescent lamps quite quickly fade, which is a serious problem.
Important watch elements on indicators
If you do not take into account the body of the device and the indicators themselves, then the main detail is the microcircuit. It is it that allows you to display real time in devices. Additionally, transistors and capacitors are included in the model. For power supplies, batteries are mainly used. By far not all watches on gas-discharge indicators are equipped with transformers, as well as inductance coils.
How to assemble a watch with transistors CB303?
Watches on gas discharge indicators The set of transistors CB303 includes a bipolar type. First of all, it should be noted that they practically do not overheat during operation. If we talk about discharge lamps, it is important to use new ones from the store. Otherwise, they will serve extremely little time. To designate numbers, contacts are most often used.
The control chip is usually used in the K15554 series, and it belongs to the three-channel class, it has two outputs for the power supply. Condensers watches with gas discharge indicators are mainly operated with low capacity. In some cases, you can find stabilizers in devices. In this situation, the load from the transistors will be significantly removed. As a case, it is quite realistic to use a regular box.
Scheme of devices with stabilizers
The clock scheme on gas discharge indicators with stabilizers must necessarily include pulse converters. They are needed in devices in order to transmit a signal from a microcircuit. Capacitors The standard clock circuit on gas discharge indicators assumes a capacity of not more than 50 pF. Transistors, in turn, are turned on by a bipolar type.
If we consider systems with three capacitors, then there should be three conclusions on the microcircuit. Maximum resistance transistors must withstand 6 ohms. If we talk about the current load, then it is an average of 74 A in hours. In this case, using dual boards is not recommended. This is due to the fact that the output voltage indicator will increase significantly. As a result, a person will have to put fuses.
Inductive Clock
The maximum load of the inductor can withstand at the level of 5 A. A power supply for their work is very necessary. The compilation process itself is carried out in two stages. First of all, capacitors are connected to the work. In this case, they are used only of the electrolytic type. At the second stage, resistors are activated in pairs. Gas discharge indicators in this situation hold internal resistance up to 50 ohms. To protect the device, many advise using a protection system that eliminates short circuits.
Models on rectifiers with indicators IN-12B
Discharge indicators IN-12B with rectifiers allow you to keep the frequency in the circuit at 60 Hz. Due to this, the output voltage does not exceed 15 V. Stabilizers in boards, as a rule, are used of a linear type. Short circuit protection is very important in this case. In order for the transistors to withstand high resistance, they are used with the PP200 marking.
Bipolar elements in watches, as a rule, are rarely used. Directly boards are installed for watches of the K155 series. Their thermal conductivity is quite good, and in general they differ in excellent characteristics. Converters in the system are used quite rarely. In principle, the resistors do not need cooling, and this is a plus. Gas discharge indicators in this situation hold up to 50 ohms.
Options with temperature sensors
Watches on gas discharge indicators with temperature sensors allow you to control the main elements in the circuit. As a rule, it is very difficult to calculate the heat load for a certain pair of resistors in advance. As a result, an installed fuse may not save the situation. Transformers also suffer from a rise in temperature in the watch. When a large voltage is applied to the secondary winding, its integrity may be impaired.
Watches Using Converters
Converters in watches are most often used the most common. In this case, they allow not to install a transformer in the device. However, there are also disadvantages in this case, and they should be taken into account. First of all, the disadvantage of converters is the large input voltage, which sometimes can exceed 16 V. Coordination of all levels in this situation is much more complicated.
The cathode switching can be carried out with a low delay. All these problems can be solved with the help of microcontrollers. Experts advise using them exactly the Mega 8 series. To adjust the clock you will need only three buttons. Some before starting the assembly find it difficult to choose LEDs. Today, elements with red color are considered to be the most suitable. Ultimately, they will look amazing in the apartment. For numbers in discharge lamps, as always, use contacts.
Ventilation system in devices
The ventilation system in the watch may be different. The easiest way to cool the makers of the device is considered to be natural ventilation with holes on the case. You can make them from two sides at once. It is important to understand that the converter overheats most of all in the watch. Given this, overlapping it with a board in the case is highly discouraged. If we consider models with 15 V power supplies, then the maximum temperature of the converters there will be approximately 40 degrees. This is the norm, and there is no need to equip the Nixie Clock with a cooler.
Clock scheme with internal generators
Schemes on gas discharge indicators with internal generators suggest the use of power supplies at 30 V. The internal resistance in this case will increase to 2 Ohms. The maximum load on the transistors is 5 A. To select a clock signal, you need to use microcontrollers. The accuracy of the current depends solely on quartz. Transistors simple circuits on gas discharge indicators, as a rule, provide for a bipolar type.
Temperature sensors are rarely installed. This is explained by the fact that a transformer with a secondary winding is absolutely not needed in the system. As a result, the thermal conductivity will be quite low. Anode keys for ports are applied. They are suitable only for boards with three connectors. Microcontrollers series "Mega 8" in this case will be appropriate. To flash the board, a high monitoring threshold is required.
Clock on capacitors PP22
A clock on gas discharge indicators on capacitors of this type allows for more stable signal transmission. The monitoring threshold in this case will be quite high. The resistors in the watch are used only with a resistance of at least 6 ohms. The input voltage must be at least 6 V. Levels are matched only by switching cathodes.
Converters for capacitors of this type are suitable for the Step Up series. In addition, care should be taken to protect the system to prevent short circuits. Chips for capacitors use only two outputs. In this case, there can be up to five ports. Stabilizers for capacitors are mainly used in the linear class. The input voltage limit must be at least 5 V.
Is there a watch with two microchips?
Watches on gas discharge indicators with two microcircuits are quite rare today. They are needed for faster synchronization of the process. In this case, switching the cathodes of the lamps is carried out in a few ns. Bipolar transistors cannot be used for such watches. The minimum resistance level in this case should be at the level of 50 Ohms.
In turn, transistors must withstand a voltage of 30 A. Converters in hours, as a rule, install a pulse type. Due to this, switching to binary format is fast. Directly level matching occurs in the microcontroller. You can adjust the voltage in the device due to the stabilizer. However, the minimum capacitance of the capacitor should be 22 pF.
Models on KA445 fuses
These fuses are electrolytic in type. They have a maximum capacitance of exactly 10 pF. At the beginning of the circuit, they are usually located in front of the transistors. LEDs in watches are important to use with high bandwidth. The chip must have at least three ports. In this case, the linear type stabilizer is soldered necessarily. With a high input voltage, a fuse will greatly help.
If you exclude the use of a converter in the watch, then you can take a transformer with a secondary winding. It is installed in front of the power supply. Fuses experts advise using only fusible type. They will serve in the watch for quite some time. Before quartz, it is important to install resistors with a limit of 33 ohms. The power supply should be rated at 15 V. As a result, the maximum frequency in the system will fluctuate around 60 Hz.