Forests are essential in human life. They not only form the parameters of the air environment necessary for life, but also act as a source of a valuable resource - wood. And this is not to mention the role of the forest, which he plays in the general ecosystem.
Given the above, it is logical to assume that in a developed society there should be tools that regulate human activities from the point of view of control of territories occupied by forests. In Russia, this function is determined by dendrology, a branch of science dedicated to woody vegetation. Specialists in this field are engaged in the study of trees, shrubs, vines, etc.
On the basis of this discipline, practical mechanisms based on the study of forest resources, as well as the regulation of human activities in order to optimally manage these arrays, are based.
What is a dendrological examination?
Any actions with territories occupied by tree stands should be carried out only after appropriate research. Dendrological examination, in particular, involves a thorough check of plantations in a particular area with the identification of rare specimens, the general condition of trees, etc. In each case, the purpose of the event is initially determined. This may be cutting down, landscaping, preparing the area for future construction, as well as reorienting the area from the point of view of nature management. In turn, a dendrological examination makes it possible to determine which particular operations will best implement the plans. So, if it is supposed to maintain the flora, then specialists are developing measures aimed at compensatory landscaping. That is, if necessary, in the future, new trees with shrubs are planted.
Who conducts the survey and how?
Obviously, the implementation of such studies is impossible without special knowledge in botany, biology and dendrology as such. Specialists in this field should be able to navigate the species of plants growing in the territory entrusted to him. As a rule, surveys are carried out by brigades into which arrays of a certain scale are allocated. A common task that such a group of specialists can face is the identification of the species composition, as well as the diversity of forms of trees and shrubs growing in this area. In practice, a dendrological examination may be a walk around the forest first along the perimeter, and then by shuttle. In the process of this study, group members identify and label the required plant species. At the end, a progress report is generated, which may subsequently become material for the preparation of a dendrological project or plan.
Objects of research
First you need to decide on the subject of study, which can be virtually any woody plant located in the subordinate zone. So, in addition to trees, it can be various types of shrubs and shrubs, creepers of tree species, as well as cushion-like and creeping plants. If we move on to the objects, then usually a study of the forest, park areas, reserves and specialized farms. It is important to note that the aim of the researcher is not to analyze the state of a particular instance, but to compile a general picture of the current situation within a specific territory. That is, a single instance can be considered as one of many features that form a general idea of the array.
Types of Research
Two types of forest surveys are practiced - preliminary and main. In the first case, specialists analyze the stands at the stage of developing the project for future construction. The main task in this event is to determine the areas acceptable for cutting and clearing where direct development, road laying and, in general, arrangement of infrastructure are possible. The main survey of forests is carried out for the subsequent preparation of a detailed plan of the area, which will reflect the species composition of the stands, the condition and location of woody plants.
Dendrological project
Actually, the final product of any survey is a package of documentation that is compiled for one purpose or another. Again, this may be a project being developed for further construction within the forest, or a document ordered by an environmental organization. The following information may be reflected in the project: the state of green spaces growing on the site, the availability of rare specimens, the parameters of individual plant species, recommendations for cutting or preserving certain species, and other data. We can say that a dendrological survey of the territory is the main source for drafting projects, but there are also special points that are not related to direct study of the forest. This, for example, may be sections indicating the cost of compensatory landscaping. The inclusion of such items is usually provided, when it comes to the targeted improvement of a particular territory.
Dendrological plan
Usually a plan is part of a project, but it can also be a separate document. It most fully and accurately reflects the state of woody vegetation within the boundaries of the investigated territory. Photographic equipment is usually used to compile this material. There is a special area of desk work, which focuses on the development of such plans. As for the purpose of the document, it can be different. Like a dendrological survey of the territory, a plan can be drawn up with the goal of rational distribution of construction and infrastructure facilities in the area, or to select landscaping tactics.
Conclusion
The implementation of dendrological research requires a lot of effort and time on the part of the performers. Of course, a lot depends on the scale of the project, but even in a small area, a qualitative study is impossible without the use of technical aids. However, they are only auxiliary in nature, since dendrological examination even today relies on the experience and knowledge of man. Only a specialist can determine where and how best to cut down, and in what place to organize a new landing zone. This takes into account many factors, including breed gamut, plant age, climatic conditions and various nuances of the massif exploitation.