Father Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Pavel Egorovich, was born in 1825 in the village of Olkhovatka. The Chekhov family was serfs. At school, P.E. Chekhov studied literacy, singing, and mastered the violin. Since 1840 he studied at the Chertkova sugar factory in his village.
Youth
Since 1841, he became a free peasant, thanks to his father, then he was added to the list of philistines of Rostov. A year later, he was already driving the bulls from his village to Moscow, where he successfully sold them.
In 1844, his father identified Pavel Egorovich to Kobylin I.E. (Taganrog merchant). Not even a year had passed before Chekhov was already in charge of his clerical trade.
A year later, Pavel Egorovich Chekhov (1825-1898 g.) Played a wedding, Evgenia Yakovlevna Morozova became his chosen one. Subsequently, she gave him six heirs: Alexander, Nikolai, Anton, Ivan, Maria and Mikhail. Thus, the Chekhov family was large and friendly.
In order to further successfully develop his trade, he had to abandon the philistine estate. 07/21/1858 Pavel Egorovich was awarded the merchant title in the third guild. A year later, he was approved in the rank of the second guild, which was paid another sixteen years.
But trade was not Chekhov’s only occupation; he also took an active part in the city’s social activities. So, since 1866, Pavel Egorovich Chekhov was appointed a member of the trade deputation, four years later he was handed a form list. In 1871 he was awarded a medal.
Family ruin
The year 1876 was not easy for the family of Pavel Egorovich, it was ruined. This was due to the decline in trade in Taganrog, because at that time railways were being laid in Rostov. Also Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, father of A.P. Chekhov, paid for the construction of a house for his family, but an unscrupulous contractor set a too high price for the construction.
All this drove the family into a debt hole. Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, whose biography was very difficult, was forced to leave for Moscow. There he was in poverty for over a year.
In 1877 he received the position of clerk at the merchant I. E. Gavrilov. There Chekhov's father A.P. worked for more than thirteen years.
Since 1892 he moved to live in the Melikhovsky estate of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. There he ran a farm, looked after the garden, wrote a diary, studied all the newspapers and informed A.P. Chekhov about the articles.
The cause of the death of Pavel Egorovich was an unsuccessful operation in 1898, which was carried out in Moscow. There he was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Wife
Evgenia Yakovlevna Chekhova (Morozova) was the wife of Pavel Egorovich. In childhood, literacy was taught for a short time and at home.
Before she was twelve years old, she lost her father. Her family was forced to move to Taganrog, where she was sent to the Institute of Noble Maidens Kurilova. There she mastered good manners, tone, was trained in dancing.
Evgenia Yakovlevna experienced a period of family ruin heavily, but she always believed in her husband and supported all his undertakings. She took over the household management in Moscow and Melikhov.
Exemplary parents, Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, Evgenia Yakovlevna Chekhova devoted much time to raising and educating their children. Evgenia Yakovlevna was a very hospitable, affectionate and helpful woman. She was sure that each of the children loved her in a special way. In turn, she did not single out her favorites among them, and gave her love to the children as a whole and to each individually.
Death overtook her before her 83rd birthday, the reason for this was a serious illness.
In the future, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov repeatedly mentioned that he inherited the talent from his father, and from his mother he took the best - her soul.
Pavel Egorovich Chekhov. Children. Eldest son Alexander
The eldest son of Pavel Yegorovich Alexander was born in 1855, he was a writer. He graduated from high school in Taganrog and received a silver medal. Immediately after this, Alexander went to Moscow to enter the university’s Physics and Mathematics Department. At the age of 27, he successfully completed his studies.
In his student years, he collaborated with many newspapers and magazines, led the first experiments of Anton Pavlovich.
In 1881, he began to cohabit with A.I. Khrushcheva-Sokolnikova. He could not marry her, since the Tula spiritual consistory did not agree to divorce her husband, thereby condemning her to eternal celibacy. This did not prevent the beloved from having two heirs (Anton and Nikolai).
Four years he served in Taganrog, St. Petersburg and Novorossiysk customs. This left a negative imprint on his work, because he almost abandoned it. In 1886, Anton Pavlovich helped Alexander get a position in the newspaper.
Two years later, he lost his wife, and in 1889 he was married to N.A. Golden, who was the governess of his children. She gave him a third son - Michael.
Nikolay
Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov was born in 1858, he was a wonderful artist. He graduated from 5 classes of a gymnasium in the city of Taganrog. Then he graduated from the School of Painting, Knitting and Architecture in Moscow.
As a student, he began to work part-time as a draftsman and cartoonist in magazines, and was engaged in illustrating the works of Anton Pavlovich.
His common-law wife was A. A. Ipatiev-Golden. Despite his softness, he drank a lot. Consumption led him to death in quite early years.
Anton
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born in 1860. He was a famous prose writer and playwright.
Studying at the gymnasium did not stop him from helping Pavel Yegorovich in the grocery store. Having successfully completed the first stage of education, he became a student of the medical faculty at the University of Moscow.
At the age of twenty, his first publication was published in the journal Dragonfly. And he did not stop there, continuing to print in various editions of the time under various pseudonyms.
After graduating from university, he took up the position of county doctor, while not leaving his literary work.
At the age of 27, he directed his first play, Uncle Vanya. In 1890, on Sakhalin, he was engaged in the classification and description of the history and life of prisoners, and subsequently the book Sakhalin Island was released.
After thirty years, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov became a famous and respected writer, readers loved his works very much.
Only at the age of 41 he got married, Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova became his chosen one. Olga was a native of Glazov, her father was an engineer. She played the first roles in the productions of Chekhov. They met in 1898 at the rehearsal of the performances "The Seagull", "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich."
Chekhov was in love at first sight and was struck by her voice, nobleness, and sincerity. Olga herself said that from that very moment the complex knot of her life began to drag out. Unfortunately, their marriage did not last long.
At the age of 44, tuberculosis led him to death. The writer is buried, like his father Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Ivan
Ivan Pavlovich was born in 1861 and worked as a teacher all his life. When the family moved to live in Moscow, he stayed in his hometown and bound books. At the age of eighteen, he already taught in Voskresensk. After working there for five years, he went to Moscow, where he supervised several public schools and taught at the same time.
All his life he regretted that he could not even get a secondary education, and was engaged in self-development. Unlike Nicholas, his character was distinguished by firmness and authority.
In 1893, his wedding with S.V. Andreeva took place in Melikhov.
Maria
Maria Pavlovna was born in 1863, is known as an artist and teacher. At the age of nine, she began to study at the Taganrog Gymnasium. After moving to Moscow, she successfully graduated from the Filaret Diocesan Women's School. Then she graduated from the higher women's historical and cultural courses of Guerrier. Until 41, she worked as a teacher of history and geography in a female gymnasium.
At the same time she was engaged in painting and was trained at the Stroganov School. Maria also successfully studied in the studio of A. A. Althoughintseva. The death of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov pushed her to publish her brother's literary works, she created the writer’s house-museum, where she was a director. The cause of her death was a heart attack.
Michael
Mikhail Pavlovich was born in 1868, just like his brother, he was engaged in writing. In Moscow, he successfully graduated from the law faculty at the university.
He worked as a tax inspector, then headed the department of the Yaroslavl Treasury. His brother's work prompted him to engage in literature, and he began working in children's magazines. But he did not publish under his own name, but chose the pseudonym “M. Bohemian".
Creativity was his element: he painted well, could easily play the piano, was engaged in writing (stories, novels, poems, translations). Subsequently, he wrote the Chekhov encyclopedia - the book "About Chekhov."
Father - Egor Mikhailovich Chekhov
Chekhov's father P.E. was a serf of Chertkovs all his life. He earned a living by farming, after which he began working at the Chertkovs sugar factory. Subsequently, he received the position of clerk there.
His wife was E. E. Shimko, who gave him four heirs (Mikhail, Paul, Mitrofan, Alexander). Egor Mikhailovich was well trained in literacy and took good care of the education of his children. He was a very hardworking, strong-willed and economical person. Thanks to these qualities, he was able to redeem his family and become a free peasant.
After his release, Egor Mikhailovich started selling horses, became a tradesman and acquired a small house for his family in the city of Taganrog. However, he did not like the city, and he spent the rest of his life in the village.