Since the beginning of the 20th century, world pedagogical science has been working to ensure that innovative teaching methods are used in both school and university education . The result of this work was the emergence of a new type of school - specialized, national schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, colleges.
The changes also affected the structure of higher education. A multilevel system has developed that unites institutions of postgraduate education, as well as those that provide higher and secondary vocational education. International universities and private universities began to operate, the main higher institutions were academies and universities.
In the pedagogical process, innovative teaching methods provide for the introduction of innovations in the goals, methods, content and forms of training and education, in the joint activities of the teacher and student. These innovations can be specially designed, already developed or re-emerged through a pedagogical initiative.
School Learning Innovation Techniques
Today, many teachers use modern technologies and innovative teaching methods in schools to achieve learning outcomes. These methods include active and interactive forms used in training. Active ones provide for the student’s active position in relation to the teacher and to those who receive education with him. During the lessons with their use, textbooks, notebooks, a computer are used, that is, individual means used for training.
Thanks to interactive methods, there is an effective assimilation of knowledge in collaboration with other students. These methods belong to collective forms of training, during which a group of students works on the material being studied, and each of them is responsible for the work done.
Interactive methods contribute to the quality assimilation of new material. They include:
- exercises that are creative in nature;
- group tasks;
- educational, role-playing, business games, imitation;
- lessons-excursions;
- lessons-meetings with creative people and specialists;
- classes aimed at creative development - performance lessons, making films, publishing newspapers;
- the use of video materials, the Internet, visibility;
- solving complex questions and problems using the methods of “decision tree”, “brainstorming”.
Therefore, innovative teaching methods at school contribute to the development of cognitive interest in children, learn to systematize and generalize the material studied, discuss and discuss. By comprehending and processing the knowledge gained, students acquire the skills to put it into practice and gain communication experience. Undoubtedly, innovative teaching methods have advantages over traditional ones, because they contribute to the development of the child, teach him independence in cognition and decision making.
Features of the application of educational innovation methods in universities
The main task of a higher educational institution at the present stage is to train specialists who are capable of non-standard, flexible and timely reaction to changes that are taking place in the world. Therefore, to prepare students for professional activities in the future, innovative methods of teaching at the university are also used .
These methods include problem-based learning, which provides for the formation of skills for solving problematic problems that do not have a clear answer, independent work on material, and the development of skills to apply acquired knowledge in practice.
Innovative teaching methods also include interactive learning. It is aimed at active and deep assimilation of the studied material, the development of the ability to solve complex problems. Interactive activities include simulation and role-playing games, discussions, modeling situations.
One of the modern methods is learning through collaboration. It is used to work in small groups. This method sets as its task the effective assimilation of educational material, the development of the ability to perceive different points of view, the ability to cooperate and resolve conflicts in the process of joint work.
The innovative teaching methods used at the university at the present stage also provide for a method whose priority is moral values. It contributes to the formation of individual moral attitudes based on professional ethics, the development of critical thinking, the ability to represent and uphold one's own opinion.
Innovative methods have allowed to change the role of the teacher, who is not only a carrier of knowledge, but also a mentor, initiating the creative search for students.