A very large part of the territory of Russia is covered with forests, so we breathe clean air and can observe many rare animals and birds. One of these is the Bryansk Forest reserve, located in the Suzem and Trubchev districts of the Bryansk region, Nerusso-Desnyansky woodland and on the Left Bank of the Desna River, which is a tributary of the Dnieper. Forest area - 12 186 hectares. In 2001, he received biosphere status. A memorial obelisk to the burial places of partisans who died here during the last world war is established here.
A brief overview of the nature of the Bryansk Forest Reserve
Due to the fact that this reserve is located in different geographical areas: forest-steppe, broad-leaved and taiga forests, a large
variety of fauna and flora. The latter is rich in rare species. In these places there are many mossy bogs on which glacial vegetation grows: sheikhtseriya marsh, marsh myrtle, willow Lapland. Of great interest are the northern orchids of this forest. They have a very complex biological development and almost the very first react to a change in environmental conditions in a bad way. Therefore, all orchids are under protection. The Bryansk Forest, a nature reserve, presents us with 19 orchid species. Some of them are listed in the Red Book, such as: red pollen-headed, slipper real, Baltic palmate, rootless leafless chin. There are 769 species of vascular plant flora. Of these, five species are also listed in the protection book: Traunsteiner’s palm root, leafless chin, real slipper, red pollen head, red veneren Baltic palm.
Animals living in the reserve
There are also quite a lot of them in these parts. The fauna of animals, vertebrates, includes 245 species: 153 - birds, 50 - mammals, 11 - amphibians, 6 - reptiles, one species of cyclostomes and 24 - fish. Many rare species of animals found in the reserve
rescue shelter. Here a badger lives quietly and lives, beavers have mastered backwaters and numerous streams, otters live in the Neruss river. Six species of birds are listed in the Protection Book, including: gray shrike, serpent eater, black stork, and others. Nowhere, except in the Bryansk Forest reserve, one can not find all ten species of the rarest European woodpeckers: green, gray-haired, yellow, small variegated woodpecker, medium variegated, large variegated, white-backed, Syrian, vertical and three-fingered. Nowhere else in Europe will you find them all together. It is quite common to meet some species of northern birds, such as: capercaillie, boreal owl, and yellow. A remez and a great white heron — southern inhabitants — are quite comfortably coexisting with them nearby. 12 species of animals are listed in the Russian protection book: large and small spotted spotted eagles, black stork, Ukrainian lamprey, mnemosyne, Apollo butterflies, stag beetle, giant evening supper, muskrat, medium spotted woodpecker, gray shrike, serpent eater.
The relief of the reserve and the climate
The region in which the Bryansk Forest is located is an accumulative
plain, low-gently sloping. There are no great heights or, conversely, lowlands. The minimum height of the territory is 125 meters, while the maximum is 210 meters, the prevailing one is 140-170 m. The profile of the area is formed by swampy and wide floodplains of the rivers, sloping and flat terraces. The Desna River valley in places reaches 12-15 kilometers, while the floodplain is up to five kilometers wide. The floodplains are characterized by pronounced terraced depressions, which reach a width of one to two kilometers and cover large areas. There are ordinary shallow depressions and dunes 6-9 meters high, karst funnels and hollows. The climate of these places is subcontinental, with an average annual temperature of +5.4 o C. Osadkov falls 550-590 mm per year. Winter is usually moderately cold. Remember this song: "The Bryansk Forest was noisily harsh ..."? This is just about this reserve. Summer is warm here. The amplitude of the annual temperature is 25-27 ° C. For most of the year 136-154 days, the air temperature is more than zero degrees.
Ponds of the Bryansk Forest
The Polesye rivers are tributaries of the Desna River and belong to the Dnieper basin. Some information about the water arteries that flow through the reserve. The Desna River has a channel in the region of approximately 90 kilometers, its width: maximum - 144 meters, usual - 60-80 m. The floodplain is meadow, swampy, 4-5 km wide.
Another river, Nerussa, the left tributary of the Desna, has a length of about 110 km in this area, the width of the channel can reach 52 meters, usually 25-30. The floodplain is 2-3 meters wide, it is swampy, forest meadow and forest. The rivers Navlya, Sev and Usozha are also known. There are also many small rivers, the length of which ranges from five kilometers to 38. The Bryansk Forest, a nature reserve, is characterized by a small number of lakes, which are mainly the elders of the Navli, Nerussa and Desna rivers. From the floodplain reservoirs, the Zherensky lakes located on the pine forest of the Desna stand out: Big Jeren, 0.3-0.4 meters deep, and lake. Small Jeren, about two meters deep. There are also very small, types of karst funnels.
How to get to the reserve from the nearest settlements
From Bryansk - along the highway "Bryansk-Kiev" to the turn to the village of Voronov Log, then - Commune Pchela, Kholmechi, Terebushka and to the village of Berezovka. There, in the center, there is a turn to the Central Estate. From Trubchevsk - along the highway "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" to the Newcomer, Senchura and to Berezovka. From Suzemka - along the highway "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" to Kholmechi, Berezovka. By electric train - the Bryansk-Suzemka route, to the Neruss platform and a half kilometer on foot to the Central Estate. The reserve is managed by the Bryansk Forest Administration, located in the regional center at Kalinina Street, house number 34. This department was highly appreciated by the World Wide Fund for Nature for its work .