The Nikolaev region of Ukraine with its center in the city of Nikolaev as an administrative unit arose in the autumn of 1937. To date, it has a territory of 24 598 square meters. km, on which there are 19 districts, 822 villages, 17 urban-type settlements, 9 large cities. The Nikolaev area is inhabited by more than one million people.
Historical past
The Late Paleolithic period is the time when the lands of the Northern Black Sea region were first settled by Scythians, Greek colonies, and Sarmatians. In 1415, the Lithuanians founded the Ochakov fortress here.
Since 1526, the Turks conquered southern Ukraine, the territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers. They call her Edisan. This area existed in the Ottoman Empire until 1774. After the Russo-Turkish war, the territory of Edisan passes into the possession of Russia, and after 18 years, under a reconciliation agreement, Turkey deletes the western territory of the Southern Bug River to Russia.
The foundation of Nikolaev falls on July 1788. Over time, this territory passed from one region to another. Under the German occupiers, this land is part of the Kherson province. Since 1922, the Nikolaev lands became the Odessa region. The year 1937 is marked by the official assignment to the lands of the status of an administrative unit. Appears Nikolaev region. After the Great Patriotic War (since 1944) this administrative name was assigned to this territory.
Economy of the region
The temperate continental climate, chernozem soils, and the abundance of rivers contribute to the development of agriculture. More than 2 million hectares of Nikolaev land are agricultural land, of which arable land covers an area of 1.7 million hectares.
Mostly crops are grown here, sugar beets, sunflowers, vegetable and melon plants. In addition, orchards, grapes are planted, fodder crops are planted. They also develop meat and dairy farming.
The abundance of rivers, ponds, ponds is a prerequisite for the formation of fisheries, and access to the sea contributes to the development of tourism, shipbuilding. The latter area is represented by three large shipbuilding organizations: “Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant”, “Shipbuilding Plant named after 61 Communards ”,“ Damen Shillards Ocean ”.
More than 60 industrial enterprises are located on the Nikolaev lands (mechanical engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy, food, light industry). The Nikolaev region plays a huge role in the overall economy of Ukraine (3.6% is the share of the region in the country's foreign trade).
Natural wealth of the Nikolaev lands
Over time, 5 borders of the Nikolaev region were formed: from the east - with the Dnepropetrovsk and Kherson region, in the north is the Kirovograd region, the west borders on Odessa lands, and the south is washed by the Black Sea. Nikolaev possessions capture the forest-steppe and steppe zone, but most of the land is located on the Black Sea lowland.
The map of the Nikolaev region is dotted with 85 rivers, most of which are drying out. The largest are the Southern Bug, Ingul, Ingulets. Thanks to the rivers and the sea, 4 shallow bays (estuaries) are formed here: the Dnieper-Bug, Tiligul, Bug, Berezansky. In addition, 13 thousand hectares of Nikolaev territory are occupied by ponds, reservoirs and other water bodies.
The territory is rich in forest. More than 70 thousand hectares are covered with forest, where oaks, pines, poplars, and acacias predominate. The north of the region is rich in ordinary chernozem, and the south is saturated with chestnut and dark chestnut soils.
The region is also rich in mineral resources: building, sawn stone, granite, sand, limestone, kaolin, cement and clay-tiled raw materials.
Regions of the Nikolaev area: Arbuzinsky and Ascension
The administrative city of the Nikolaev region is Nikolaev. The region is divided into 19 districts.
- Arbuzinsky. Its area is more than one thousand square kilometers. 3 rivers flow through this territory: Southern Bug, Arbuzinka, Dead Water. Here is the famous landscape park with the remains of ancient mountains on a river lowland. This park - "Granite-Steppe Bug" - contains about a hundred archaeological ancient monuments that have survived before our era. Through these lands passes the protected natural area “Tricratsky Forest” with an area of 247 hectares, where bicentennial oaks grow, gray herons live in colonies , the favorite lake of all fishermen is located, forests are planted with a maze with all kinds of paths, bridges.
- Ascension. It covers an area of 1392 square meters. km taking into account the natural park "Pobuzhie" There are 4 rivers flowing through the territory: Southern Bug, Arbuzinka, Deadwater, Rotten Elanets. The prevailing rural population.
Domanevsky, May Day, Novobugsky, Vralievsky
- Domanevsky. The territory of the district is 1458 square kilometers. 4 rivers flow through these lands: the Southern Bug, Chertala, Chichiklea, Bashkala. The Granite-Steppe zone also passes through this area.
- May Day. It covers an area of 1319 square meters. km Two rivers flow through the area: Sinyukha and Southern Bug. Through these lands passes the territory of the Pobuzhie natural park. More than 66 thousand people live. The city of Pervomaisk of the Nikolaev region takes a leading place in the industry (mechanical engineering, food, as well as canning, sewing, diesel production).
- Novobugsky district is located in an area of 1243 square kilometers. Two rivers flow through these lands - Ingul and Sofiyivka. On the territory of the district is the Pringulsky park with an area of 3152.7 hectares. In his possession are two nature reserves ("Sofievsky reservoir", "Pelageevsky") and the church of St. Michael's Convent.
- Vradievsky. It occupies 801 square meters. km Two rivers flow through the territory: Kodyma and Chichiklea. An international highway M-13 (also called Poltavka) and the Kotovsk-Pervomaisk railway line pass through the district.
Mykolaiv region: Elanetsky, Berezansky, Ochakov districts
- Yelanetsky district has 1018 square kilometers. The river Rotten Elanets flows through the territory. The Elanetskaya Steppe nature conservation area with an area of 1675.7 hectares runs through the district, where from April to October you can book an excursion to find out the history of the reserve, get acquainted with its flora and fauna, and visit the zoo.
- Berezansky. The area of this district is 1378 square meters. km In the east of the land is the Berezansky estuary. Also, the territory is in contact with the borders of the Tiligul estuary, where the Tiligul regional landscape park is located, the peculiarity of which is in the unique ecosystem. Firstly, marine natural landscapes have been preserved here, secondly, there is a unique flora and fauna of the water area, and thirdly, this estuary is the cleanest reservoir of the Black Sea region.
- Ochakovsky. It occupies 1488 square meters. km Here are two estuaries (Dnieper-Bug, Berezansky) and the popular archaeological and historical reserve "Olbia". The city of Ochakov is a port of the Black Sea.
Veselinovsky, Brotherly, Zhovtnevy, New Odessa
- Veselinovsky district has an area of 1245 square kilometers. Two rivers flow through the territory: the Southern Bug and Chichiklea. The area is dominated by the urban population. At the site of the village of Pokrovka there was once a fortress of the early Middle Ages, but it has not been preserved to this day.
- Brotherly. The area of this district is 1129 square meters. km Two rivers flow through the territory: Deadwater and Kostovataya. There are no special attractions, except that the famous Soviet and Ukrainian artist, playwright, theater director Saksagansky Panas Karpovich and inventor, electric engineer Benardos Nikolai Nikolaevich were born in this area.
- Zhovtnevy. It covers an area of 1460 square meters. km Two rivers flow: Southern Bug, Ingul. 55 thousand people live in the district with a predominance of the rural population.
- The New Odessa region has 1,428 square kilometers of area. Here flows the river Southern Bug.
In all the above districts of the village of Mykolayiv region in terms of total population prevail over cities and large urban-type settlements.
Krivoozersky, Nikolaev, Bashtansky, Bereznegovatsky, Casanovsky, Snigirevsky areas
- Krivoozersky. It covers an area of 814 square meters. km The Southern Bug River flows with a tributary of Kodym. The region does not have any special natural monuments, but it is known for the fact that here was born the famous Soviet major general, hero of the USSR, Boris Romanovich Eremeev.
- The Nikolaev district of the Nikolaev region covers an area of 1430 square kilometers. The river flows Southern Bug. The city of Nikolaev is a port of the Black Sea. An administrative highway of international significance M-14 and a European-level highway E-58 pass through the administrative city.
- Bashtansky. The area of this region is 1706 square meters. km Two rivers flow through its territory: Ingul and Gromoklea. The predominantly rural population.
- Bereznegovatsky. It covers an area of 1264 square meters. km
- Kazankovsky. The area of this region is 1349 square kilometers. The river Visun flows through the territory.
- Snigirevsky. It occupies 1395 square meters. km The Ingulets River flows through its territory. About 48 thousand people live.
Brief conclusions
Natural wealth determined the areas of activity of the Nikolaev region: fishing and agriculture, industry, shipping, shipbuilding, tourism. The region is equipped with automobile, rail, water transport, there are local airlines. This territory is significant not only in the number of natural attractions, but also plays a significant role in the economy of the whole country (specific gravity: 3.1% - export, 1.4% - import).
Today, the urban population prevails in the region (68%). Most of all there are representatives of such nationalities as Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians, Moldavians, Bulgarians. Also in the region are Armenians, Jews, Koreans, Azerbaijanis, Germans, Tatars, Poles, Gypsies. The official language is Ukrainian and Russian.
Only one Mykolayiv region (Ukraine) combines 89 nature reserves in a small area, differing in landscape, enterprises of different industries (51% of all regions of the country) and historical architectural sights (historical military sites, ancient Greek ruins, museums, churches, an 18th-century cemetery )