In the early nineties, the demographic situation in Penza and the region was characterized as critical. The depopulation process began in 1991. At the same time, birth rates were much lower than the mortality rate, and the natural increase was characterized by negative dynamics.
The population of Penza and the region. Statistics of the last century
In the pre-war period, the region as a whole showed a high natural population growth. So, in 1939, the birth rate was significantly higher than the mortality rate. The majority of the inhabitants lived in rural areas, and the birth rate there was higher than in the city. By 1950, a decrease in population growth rates began to be noted. The main reason for the deterioration of the demographic situation was the loss during the war. By the mid-sixties, a sharp decrease in the birth rate was observed with an increase in the mortality rate. In this regard, the population of Penza and the region naturally did not significantly increase. By 1970-1980, mortality increased markedly while maintaining a fairly low birth rate. This led to a decrease in the general natural population growth at the end of the last century. At the same time, migration had a great influence on the increase in numbers. In 1989-1999 the number of arrivals began to exceed the number of departed. Thus, despite the reduced rates of natural growth, the number of inhabitants increased due to migration processes.
G. Penza. Population. Some statistics of recent decades
In comparison, for example, with 1997, in 1998 there was a definite improvement in demographic phenomena. So, the level of general (1998 - 14.6; 1997th - 14.9), infant (1998th - 14.3; 1997th - 16.4) mortality has slightly decreased, and the birth rate has also increased. The population of Penza in 2003 is 515 thousand people. By 2004-2005, the number of inhabitants decreased. And in the oblast, the population by 2004 decreased by 13,461 people. The population of Penza by 2005 totaled about 510 thousand. In subsequent years, the number of inhabitants decreased significantly. But by 2013, the population of Penza again increased to 519.9 thousand.
Reasons for the deterioration of the demographic situation in the region
In 2004, a rather high level of somatic morbidity was noted. The population of Penza and the region as a whole is most susceptible to respiratory diseases. In the second place are poisoning and trauma, in the third - complications of the postpartum period, childbirth, pregnancy itself. Over the past few years, experts have noted a systematic increase in the incidence rate of residents of the region as a whole. The tendency to increase is quite clearly observed in some
nosological forms. In particular, the population of Penza and the region, among other things, is prone to mental disorders, ophthalmic pathologies. The level of oncological diseases, diseases of the blood system, subcutaneous tissue and skin is also increasing. Thus, the main reason for the deterioration of the demographic situation in the city and the region as a whole is the high incidence of the population. This, in turn, is determined by the unsatisfactory environmental situation in the area.