The Volga city of Cheboksary is the center of the Chuvash Republic, its capital. From Moscow it is separated by 660 kilometers, from Nizhny Novgorod - 250 kilometers. In a beautiful place are located Cheboksary. Which region of the Russian Federation is closest to it? It is Nizhny Novgorod.
History of the city
Archaeological excavations suggest that in the 13th century there was a settlement of people on the site of the present Cheboksary. The first annalistic mention of the Chuvash-Bulgarian settlement dates back to 1469. And since 1555, in its place there was already a supporting fortress of Muscovite Russia. Its creation is attributed to Ivan the Terrible. This fortress was a reliable defense on the southern borders of Russia.
Only two centuries later, Cheboksary turn into a city. This happened thanks to the development of trade, which was facilitated by the Volga River. Bread, salt, furs, honey, leather raw materials - all these were sold by brisk Russian merchants. At first, the city was assigned to the Kazan province. However, already in 1781 it became an independent county town.
Cheboksary: ​​what region of Russia took the city under its "wing"
At the beginning of the 20th century, Cheboksary turned first into the center of the Chuvash Autonomous Region, then into the capital of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Finally, in 1992 - to the capital of the Chuvash Republic.
So the question is: “Cheboksary - which region of the Russian Federation?” - not quite correct. Because Chuvashia is a
republic that is
part of the Russian Federation, which has not only its capital Cheboksary, but also its own Constitution, coat of arms, anthem ...
It is located in the center of the European part of Russia. The closest to the city of Cheboksary is the Nizhny Novgorod region (in the west), as well as the Ulyanovsk region (in the south). Bordered by the Chuvash Republic of Tatarstan, Mordovia and the Republic of Mari El.
By the way, in Chuvashia, as in Cheboksary, the majority of the indigenous population, that is, Chuvashs, live. There are two thirds of them in the republic, and 65% in the capital. The entire population of Cheboksary is 468 thousand people.
In order to finally close the question about the location of the city, it is worth saying that you can still find the following address on the map of Russia: Cheboksary, Tambov Region. Only for clarification, it is necessary to insert the Nikiforov district, and write the village before the word Cheboksary.
What is Shupashkar?
It turns out that the Chuvash themselves call this name Cheboksary. By the way, in Chuvashia there are two state languages: Chuvash and Russian.
Translated from Chuvash into Russian, it means "wooden gutter." True, as to why such a name arose and what caused it, the opinion of the local population diverges. However, it agrees that this gutter is from a water mill. But just which of them: the one through which water flows, or the one through which flour is poured?
However, there are more scientific explanations for the meaning of the word “shupashkar”. One of them is “the settlement of the Chuvashs” (from “Chepe Suar”), the second is “enclosed by water”. Indeed, in ancient times, the city was comprehensively surrounded by water. On the one hand - the Volga, on both sides - the Cheboksary, at that time a high-water river, on the fourth side the city was protected by a wide moat, also filled with water.
Location Cheboksary
Undoubtedly, the area surrounding Cheboksary is distinguished by its color and beauty. Still, this settlement is surrounded by water. The Volga River, the Cheboksary Reservoir, the Cheboksark and Kaybulka rivers. It is in the valley of the latter on an area of ​​233 square meters. km is located today the city of Cheboksary. What region of Europe boasts such a geographical location ?!
In addition, the territory of the city has a picturesque relief, cut by ravines and covered with hills, so it is characterized by differences in elevations, a large number of green areas (whole pine and broad-leaved forests), breathtaking panoramic views of the Volga River, cozy valleys of small rivers. Indeed, in addition to the above, Sugutka, Water Lily, Trusikha and Malaya Kuvshinka also flow here. By the way, such ravine-hilly terrain necessitated the construction of bridges. There are as many as five of them in Cheboksary, and through them, communication is provided between different urban areas.
City climate
The temperate continental climate is typical of Cheboksary. Which region is characterized by the same climate? A significant part of the European part of Russia.
Snowy and frosty winters with an average temperature of minus 12-14 degrees can last four to five months. Snow cover can hold for a long time. The summer months are mainly characterized by a temperature of plus 19-21 degrees, although sometimes it is much hotter. In the off-season, unstable weather is observed. Mostly it rains in the summer, from June to September.
The climate is characterized by relatively high humidity, this is due to the proximity of the Volga. However, often evaporation can exceed the amount of precipitation, and then heat sets in.
The most beautiful place Cheboksary
In 1987, a hydroelectric power station was built in Cheboksary, and with it an artificial bay appeared on the site of the old district of the city. It has become a place of cultural recreation for residents. A pedestrian bridge is thrown across the bay, on which many citizens always walk.
Of the old buildings near the bay, few have survived. The Vvedensky Cathedral is of the greatest interest - it is the oldest temple in Chuvashia. There was a letter of Ivan the Terrible from 1555, according to which a cathedral should be built. And it was built in 1660. It is a white stone church. Inside, frescoes from the time of construction (17-18 century) and the iconostasis are preserved. The cathedral houses the first icon of the Chuvash people - the Virgin of Our Lady, dating from the 15th century.
On the shore of the bay, such ancient monuments as the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1763) and the Trinity Monastery (17th century) look very beautiful. The latter is a whole architectural ensemble.
More than 25 temples and religious symbols are concentrated in the city of Cheboksary. Which region or region of Russia can be proud of the fact that in their capital there is such an abundance of religious monuments. Moreover, most of them were built in the 16-18 centuries.
In 1996, another dam was built across the Cheboksary Bay , which ran from Kazan to the Historic Embankment. They began to call her "The Road to the Temple." Soon new modern buildings appeared here, and the surroundings of the bay were improved. Multilevel stairs, bridges, fountains ...
The symbol of the city
In 2003, on a hill near the Historical Embankment of the Cheboksary Bay, a 46-meter sculpture of the Mother Patroness was erected. On the granite pedestal stands the figure of a woman in Chuvash national clothes. The woman spread her arms; she is ready to hospitably meet everyone here. And this gesture symbolizes the patronage of people and the city. At the bottom of the monument is an inscription in Russian and Chuvash languages, it calls people to peace and love.
The monument to the Mother Patroness became a symbol of the city of Cheboksary. What an area of ​​indescribable beauty is covered by the look, if you rise to the monument! After all, he stands on a hill. Bay, Volga, bathed in churches, fountains, green parks ...
City of green spaces
There really are a lot of green spaces, i.e. parks and squares, planted and equipped with people. In addition, significant areas of Cheboksary's forests have been preserved. What area of ​​the city would not be subject to close attention, everywhere you can see the green areas. Their total area is 7634 hectares.
Citizens and guests love to walk in Victory Parks, named after the 500th anniversary of Cheboksary, "Lakreevsky forest", in the Children's Park named after Nikolaev. Walking through the forests with interesting names is especially charming: the Berendeevsky forest, the Grove of Guzovsky, the Obikovsky forest and others.
The square named after Chapaev is unique. After all, it is located on the site of the Budaiki village, where this legendary hero was born not only of the Civil War in Russia, but also of the First World War. Vasily Chapaev was awarded three crosses of St. George.
A monument to Chapaev was erected in the square, and a memorial museum was opened in which you can learn about the heroic deeds, his associates, and the division. In the square, Chapaev’s childhood home was even installed. However, it took effort and time to find him, because in 1912 he was sold and transported to another locality.
The square is very green, about 400 trees and a large number of shrubs are planted here. Many paths were laid along which many benches were built and fountains were built.
Museums in Cheboksary
In addition to the museum, Chapaev has many other interesting institutions in Cheboksary. For example, the National Museum, which tells about the history, life and culture of not only the ancient Chuvash, but also modernity.
In the Museum of the history of the tractor you can see the collection of tractors. Why tractors? The Cheboksary Tractor Plant in Soviet times produced a large amount of this equipment and supplied it to a huge country. Now Cheboksary Industrial Tractors Plant OJSC has significantly reduced both its production area and output. And yet this is still a fairly large enterprise, where residents work.
An interesting beer museum with its diverse collection. It can rightfully compete with museums in the Czech Republic and Germany. Among the exhibits of interest are all kinds of beer vessels, barrels, bottles, mugs, implements of brewers and much more. After visiting the exposition, you should definitely head to the tasting room. After all, it is impossible, having visited the beer museum, not to taste this wonderful drink.
Of course, there are other museums in Cheboksary, but about them - another time ...
After such an extensive excursion into the history and modernity of the capital of Chuvashia, one can hope that for many the question is: “In what area are Cheboksary?” cleared up.