A rectifier is a device that is designed to convert current. Many models are installed with filters. The scope of rectifiers is very wide. They are actively used in power supplies, substations, as well as welding machines.
First of all, the models are divided into phases. There are two-phase as well as three-phase modifications. Bridge devices are made exclusively for converters. Power elements distinguish power elements, as well as signal models. According to the presence of stabilization devices, they are divided into full-wave, half-wave, two-period and transformer modifications. In order to understand the rectifiers, it is necessary to consider the circuit of a conventional model.
Rectifier circuit
The rectifier circuit includes conductors with different current conductivity. The devices also use channels. Electronic valves are installed with different sensitivity. If we consider bridge modifications, then they use zener diodes. Also on the market are diode devices.
Operating principle
The principle of operation of the rectifier is based on the conversion of current. This process is carried out by changing the frequency. For this, the device has an electronic valve. To stabilize the conversion process, channels are used. To avoid problems with negative polarity, zener diodes are installed. Directly connecting the device through the conductors.
Power devices
This type of rectifier is used in various power supplies. Most often they can be found on personal computers. The device scheme involves the use of a vector transistor. If we consider a two-channel modification, then the connection is through an expander.
Some devices use tetrodes. If we consider three-channel elements, then they are designed for power supplies of 20 V. In this case, tetrodes are never used. The principle of operation of rectifiers is based on a change in frequency. Many modifications are sold with electronic valves. If we talk about the parameters, the sensitivity of the device varies around 23 mV. Directly, the current conductivity of the models does not exceed 2 microns.
Principle of operation of signal rectifiers
Signal rectifiers work from feedback. Models can only be used in AC networks. If we consider 12 W devices, it should be noted that the filters are used only half-duplex type. Also, the standard rectifier circuit involves the use of a transistor with a receiver.
For models with three channels, triggers are necessarily used. These devices are installed through insulators. The output voltage of the models, as a rule, does not exceed 20 V. The power electronics of the rectifiers allowed to solve the problem of voltage drops due to the installation of diode bridges.
Bridge devices
Bridge rectifiers are sold for power supplies and converters. Devices in an AC network are operating. Directly changing the frequency is due to the work of the expander. The specified element in the rectifier plays the role of a conductor. In some cases, it is installed with insulators. According to the protection system, bridge rectifiers are quite different.
If we consider modifications to three channels, then they use triggers. These elements can be installed with and without lining. Modifications to four channels are very rare. Rectifier current conductivity does not exceed 40 microns. In this case, the sensitivity of the device is 2.5 microns.
Two-phase modifications
Two-phase rectifiers are manufactured for vehicles. Models work on the principle of changing the frequency. This process can be carried out due to the expander or trigger. Most often, models are found without tetrodes. The parameter of the maximum overload for the modifications does not exceed 6 A. Filters are used, as a rule, of a wired type.
If we consider modifications to three channels, then they have a two-digit trigger. The index of its sensitivity is not more than 3 microns. In turn, the maximum output voltage is 35 V. The power electronics of two-phase devices made it possible to solve the problem of voltage overloads due to the use of diode motors.
Three phase models
A three-phase rectifier can only be found in transformer substations. Devices work from a high-voltage chety. In this case, the principle of operation of the model is built then a sharp increase in frequency. The output voltage parameter remains unchanged. Models are available in three and four channels. They connect through conductors.
A three-phase rectifier for three channels is available with tetrodes. In some cases, extenders are used to stabilize the conversion process. If we talk about rectifiers on four channels, it is important to note that they are always produced with amplifiers. In this case, the current conductivity index lies within 70 microns. The sensitivity of the rectifier is not more than 4.2 mV.
Full wave devices
A full-wave voltage rectifier works by changing the polarity on the expanders. Transistors are typically open type. These devices are suitable for converters at 20 and 30 V. Directly, the sensitivity parameter for them is 3 mV. In turn, the current conductivity is in the region of 4.5 microns.
If we talk about modifications to three channels, then they are installed only in power supplies with amplifiers. Filters for rectifiers are mainly suitable for expansion type. If we talk about devices with four channels, then their current conductivity index lies in the region of 3 microns. Models are not suitable for transformer substations .
Shortwave Modifications
Full-wave rectifiers are distinguished by the absence of an electronic valve. Elements with only two channels are released. Modification is directly connected via contacts. Insulators are used both with and without lining. In some cases, amplifiers are used.
It is also important to note that rectifiers of this type are installed in controllers. The output voltage parameter for them, as a rule, does not exceed 30 V. On average, the sensitivity of the devices is 75 mV. In this case, the current conductivity depends on the type of filters used.
Single period modifications
Single-period rectifiers are manufactured for various receivers. A distinctive feature of the elements is considered to be a high current conductivity parameter. Devices work from reverse polarity. Models are available in two and three channels. If we consider the first option, it is important to note that the conductors are used with a lining. In this case, expanders are rarely installed. The current conductivity parameter for rectifiers fluctuates around 3 microns.
If we talk about devices on three channels, then they are always available with tetrodes. Also, the modification scheme involves the use of modulators. For low-frequency receivers, these rectifiers are ideal. In this case, the sensitivity is not more than 60 mV.
Diagram of two-period devices
A two-period 220 V rectifier is used to convert current from drive devices. In this case, the process occurs due to a change in the voltage frequency. Model expanders are used, as a rule, of an open type. If we talk about modifications to two channels, then they use distribution filters. In some cases, triggers are set. To connect devices to drive units, field - effect transistors are needed. They are available in various capacities. Typically, 20 pF modifications are available on the market.
Features of transformer devices
A transformer rectifier (electric energy converter) is able to work in a network with direct and alternating current. In this case, triggers are of the three-digit type. Conductors are used to connect devices. You can meet transformer rectifiers in substations. These devices are designed for high output voltage.
The protection system is installed with chromatic filters. In this case, the sensitivity parameter lies within 80 mV. For drive mechanisms, these devices are not unique. The current reducibility index is 20 microns. Triggers for chains are selected both open and closed. On average, the threshold overload parameter is at the level of 5 A.
Voltage Multiplication Models
Rectifiers of this type are currently actively used in converters. The standard modification scheme includes a valve, as well as transistors. On average, their capacitance is 2 pF. Directly the conductivity of the current is not more than 3 microns.
If we talk about modifications to two channels, then they use expanders. They are installed both open and closed type. Many models have controls. If we talk about rectifiers on four channels, then they are made with modulators. For their work, various triggers are used. Most often they are of a three-digit type.
Modifications with galvanic isolation
Devices with galvanic isolation work on the principle of lowering the frequency. They are connected only from the AC network. In this case, the transistors are set to 20 pF. Directly, the sensitivity indicator is 88 mV. If we talk about modifications to three channels, then they use pulse modulators. Many models have protective systems that help cope with overloads. Filters are used with beam tetrodes.