Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich, whose biography is described in this article, is a well-known statesman, a member of the RSDLP (b) party. He was the head of the special sector of the Central Committee - the Secretariat of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. By rank - Major General.
A family
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich was born on the seventh of August 1965 in the village of Uspensky, located in the Sloboda district of the Vyatka province. His father, Nikolai, was a poor peasant and worked as a shoemaker. Mother, Nadezhda Efimovna, loved children very much, brought up in severity, but fairly. Alexander had several sisters and a brother, who later became a military pilot.
Childhood
Alexander grew up, like all children: ran for fishing, liked to catch crayfish from the river. Helped mother with household chores. He was very well-read, because he was too fond of books. He studied at school. He had a friend with whom they were friends until his death, Sasha Bakulin. He lived in a neighboring village. Even at school, the guys sat at the same desk. Both Sasha went to sing in the church choir. The guys were often called Bakuleny and Poskreben.
Education
After school, Alexander graduated from the Vyatka paramedic school. But, having received a specialty, he did not stop and continued his studies, in 1927 he entered the Moscow State University at the Faculty of Economics and Law.
Career
Alexander Nikolaevich’s career began as a doctor. After school, he left in the direction of the Urals, in the city of Baranchu. He joined the party and was elected secretary of the RSDLP (b). From 1918 to 1919 he worked in the political department of the Turkestan Army. From 1919 to 1921 he continued to work in Zlatoust as the chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee, and then the executive committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies. From 1921 to 1922 - at party work in Ufa.
In the twenty-second year, Alexander N. Poskrebyshev was sent to Moscow. There he began as an instructor in the Central Committee of the party. At first, from 1923 to 1924, he worked in the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) As deputy manager of affairs. Then, from 1924 to 1929, - Assistant Secretary General. He was transferred to the post of deputy. head of the secret department. In 1930, he became its head. And since 1934 he led the Special Department of the Central Committee. In 1935, he became head of the secretariat of the Central Committee of Stalin.
In 1947 he took part in the discussion of the Presidium, and in the fall of 1952 he became a member of the Standing Commission. In the winter of the same year - Secretary of the Presidium and the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Work with Stalin
Despite the nondescript appearance, the power of Alexander Nikolaevich was enormous. And an important role in this was played by the disposition of Stalin to him. A. N. Poskrebyshev answered him with absolute devotion. And he even pronounced all the orders or words of Stalin with the intonations spoken by the Secretary General.
Alexander Nikolaevich knew all his moods, habits and illnesses. They understood each other often without words at all. Poskrebyshev performed his duties conscientiously, without hesitation. He had amazing performance and phenomenal memory. It was called the walking encyclopedia. He remembered all the phones by heart and never wrote them down.
In wartime, from 1941 to 1945, he took part in the development of military operations and conference materials. At this time, Poskrebyshev became a major general. Until 1953, Alexander Nikolaevich worked with Stalin. For twenty-five years, all the information that he filtered out passed through it. He transferred part of it to the Politburo, and if there was important news, directly to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.
The "squire" of Stalin
Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev, Stalin’s personal secretary, was his “shadow”, solving not only administrative, but also personal issues. He monitored not only the correspondence of the Secretary General, but also the observance of the protocol and the appearance of members of the Politburo. Everyone had to reckon with Poskrebyshev, both ordinary people and military commanders.
Despite being close to Stalin, Poskrebyshev could not save his wife from arrest. He had to personally issue a warrant for her. Although he tried to defend his wife. But Stalin signed the warrant and, seeing the expression on the face of Alexander Nikolayevich, laughed. He decided that Poskrebyshev “needed a new woman”, and promised to find him in the near future. And about the arrest was adamant. He considered that if the NKVD made such a decision, then there were reasons for that. And soon a young woman came to Alexander Nikolayevich’s apartment with a message that she had been sent to farm.
Victim of the intrigue of Beria
Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich became a victim of the intrigues of Beria. After the fifty-second year, a plan matured to dismiss General Secretary Stalin. But no one wanted to talk about it openly. Moreover, loyal people surrounded him. As a result, Beria decided to remove Joseph Vissarionovich with the help of intrigue.
According to Lavrenty Pavlovich, Georgia would be the best place for this. But because of the “Mingrelian affair,” Stalin did not go to fellow countrymen to rest. Lived very solitary. There were only two places left: the Kremlin and the Moscow cottage. But the Kremlin residence had perfect communication, and if they had begun to insist on his resignation, then alarm would have risen all over the country in a split second. The last option remained - the Moscow cottage.
But she was reliably protected, while next to Stalin there was a guard and Poskrebyshev. Only the Secretary General himself could remove it. Beria told Stalin that the secret materials allegedly disappeared from the Politburo. And apart from Alexander Nikolaevich, no one could do this.
Stalin immediately removed Alexander Nikolaevich from his post and sent him to prison. He was going to shoot him. But did not manage to do this. After Stalin lost his loyal entourage, he was soon found dead at his country cottage.
Politics
In 1934, Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich became a candidate member of the Central Committee. In 1936, based on the formulated theses of Stalin, he wrote texts to the Constitution of the Soviet Union. And after two years - A short history course. In 1939 he became a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and later - the CPSU. Poskrebyshev is a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the RSFSR and the BASSR of the 1st to 3rd convocations.
Personal life
For the first time, Alexander Nikolayevich married in 1919 to Jadwig Ippolitovna Stankevich, a Polish revolutionary. They had been married for ten years and divorced. Subsequently, she died of tuberculosis in 1937. She was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
After a divorce from his first wife, Poskrebyshev married a second time. His wife's name was Bronislav Metallikov. In this marriage, he had two daughters - Galina and Natalya. In 1939, Bronislava was repressed for communication with Trotsky and on charges of counter-revolutionary activity.
There is an opinion that the real reason for her arrest was Beria, who wanted to compromise Alexander Nikolayevich, and then replace him in office with his own person. But this is only an assumption, since at that time Beria was not closely connected with the NKVD and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Poskrebyshev made an attempt to rehabilitate his wife, but to no avail. She was shot when the fascist army approached Moscow. Much later, in 1957, Bronislava was nevertheless acquitted and rehabilitated. She was reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
The third time, Alexander Poskrebyshev married Yekaterina Grigoryevna Zimina. In this marriage, a third daughter was born, who was named Elena.
Friends
Despite the busy schedule of sixteen hours a day, Alexander Nikolaevich still found time for friends with whom he went fishing. There were only three close comrades. A childhood friend Bakulev, who became a famous cardiologist, General Khrulev and polar explorer Papanin. Poskrebyshev loved not only books and fishing, but also outdoor activities: tennis, a game of towns. He liked to go to friends in the country, relax there, fish and hunt.
Character
By the nature of Poskrebyshev, Alexander Nikolaevich, whose photo is in this article, was decisive and purposeful. By nature, he is very kind, but at work collected and strict. As his daughter recalls, he always said that a person should be kind, but not kind.
The death of Poskrebyshev
They didn’t have time to shoot Alexander Nikolaevich, since Stalin died. Khrushchev came to power and freed Poskrebyshev from the dungeons. He was no longer allowed to work, but was sent to rest on retirement. He lived twelve years longer than Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. Poskrebyshev Alexander Nikolaevich, the secretary of Stalin and his right hand, died on the third of January of the sixty-fifth year. He was buried in the Moscow Novodevichy cemetery.
Awards
Alexander Nikolayevich Poskrebyshev was awarded the Four Orders of Lenin, the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Second World War." He also has a medal "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War."