Pension accumulations of employed persons are divided into two parts: savings and fixed. Each person decides whether he will receive a fixed payment, or send all funds to the formation of the funded part of the pension. The form by which the volume of accumulations is calculated includes several elements. One of them is retirement points. They will be discussed in this article.
Factors
The amount of insurance pension is affected by:
- the amount of insurance premiums transferred to the budget with a "white" salary ;
- age of taxpayer;
- the presence of a disability group, dependents;
- residence;
- the moment of retirement (ahead of schedule or not);
- accumulation formation.
In 2017, persons who permanently reside in the Russian Federation and receive a pension as of December 31, 2016 are provided with a one-time payment in the amount of 5 thousand rubles. This amount is paid without filing an application and is not subject to personal income tax.
Pension calculation
The amount of the pension is calculated according to the formula:
Pension = + , where:
- P is the sum of all individual coefficients.
- C is the monetary expression of one coefficient (point).
- K - increasing indices for insurance and fixed payments.
- FV - approved payment.
Let us consider in more detail each of these parameters.
Individual ratio
A retirement point is an indicator that evaluates each year of official labor activity, taking into account insurance contributions. When calculating the pension for 2016, the sum of all accumulated points is taken into account. If a person went on a well-deserved rest before 01/01/2015, then the calculation algorithm differs from the standard:
SP = MF / S, where:
- JV - insurance pension.
- MF - insurance pension as of 12/31/14 without a fixed payment and funded part.
- C is the cost of one point as of 01.01. 15 (64.1 rubles).
The sum of all points accumulated after 01.01. 15 = NE / MV x 10, where:
- CB - contributions to the formation of insurance payments paid at a rate of 10 or 16%.
- MV - contributions from the maximum salary.
How are retirement points calculated?
When calculating, the coefficients for individual periods included in the length of service are taken into account . For example, the period of child care after reaching 1.5 years. The sum of these coefficients is added to the points already calculated. These periods are taken into account only if they are not taken into account when calculating a disability pension or loss of a breadwinner.
The number of pension points that can be accumulated over the year is legislatively limited and is constantly increasing (until 2021). The maximum number of coefficients differs for people who have decided to form the funded part of the payment (5.16 for 2017), and for those who refused it (8.26 for 2017).
The cost of the coefficient annually (01.02) increases at least by the price growth index. Every year from April 1, new values of the coefficients of the Federal Law “On the PFR Budget” for the planning year are established. As of 02/01/16, the cost of one point is 74.27 rubles.
Example
Consider how to calculate retirement points using the formula:
B = (S / M) x 10, where:
- S - the amount of contributions transferred to the formation of a pension in the Pension Fund from annual earnings.
- M - the amount of contributions from the maximum salary paid at the rate of 16%.
Employee salary - 30 thousand rubles. per month, i.e. 360 thousand rubles / year. The maximum base is 720 thousand rubles:
720 x 0.16 = 115.2 thousand rubles. - maximum amount of contributions.
We carry out the calculation of pension points under such conditions:
- the employee chose only an insurance pension;
- employee chose a mixed insurance model.
Option 1. The amount of contributions at a 16% tariff is 57.6 thousand rubles. (360 x 0.16).
B = (57.6 / 115.2) x 0.1 = 5.
Option 2. The amount of contributions at a 10% tariff is 36 thousand rubles. (360 x 0.1).
B = (36 / 115.2) * 0.1 = 3.125.
Fixed payout
It is fixed at a fixed rate in relation to the insurance pension. The payout is indexed each year. As of 02/01/16, it amounts to 4.56 thousand rubles. The increased payout amount is provided for:
- disabled I gr .;
- citizens over the age of 80;
- persons working or living in the Far North;
- citizens containing disabled people.
Indexing is not carried out for working retirees.
In cases of assigning an old-age pension ahead of schedule, later than the right to receive it or refusing to receive a pension, an increasing coefficient for a fixed payment is applied.
Special cases
Some stages of life count towards seniority. For example, conscription service, child care. In such periods, a person usually does not work, but a certain amount of points is awarded to him. If a person continues to work, then he chooses: to count points calculated from earnings, or use those that are guaranteed by the state.
Pension score for socially significant periods:
- 1.8 - for a year of caring for a person older than 80 years of age, a disabled person or a year of leave to care for the first child;
- 3.6 - for a year of caring for a second child;
- 5.4 - for the year of care for the third and subsequent child.
How is experience determined?
A citizen can confirm his employment by 2002 by submitting a work book. Since 2003, personalized accounting has been introduced . All information that organizations passed on about their employees was recorded in the PFR database of a personal account.
The insurance period earned before 01/01/15 will also be converted to a retirement point. First, pension rights are determined on 01.01. 2002. The pension is then calculated on the basis of the average salary for 2 years before retirement or for five consecutive years. Since 2002, pension rights are determined based on the amount of contributions paid. In 2010, they were revalued at 10% of the amount of pension capital. Additionally, 1% is charged for each year of work. Until 2014, the amount of accumulated pension capital is annually indexed by a certain coefficient. The resulting accumulated amount is divided by the cost of one coefficient. This determines the total number of points.
Carrying out such calculations yourself is quite difficult. All information about the taxpayer is stored in the pension "case". Therefore, when calculating the size of the pension, it is better to focus on the calculator presented on the PFR website.
How to do it?
You need to go to the PFR website in "Electronic Services" and be favored in the "My Account". Here you can see the already accrued pension points for working pensioners and calculate their number for the current year based on salary data.
Young employees can use the calculator to estimate the approximate amount of the pension if military service or the birth of a child is planned. Elderly people can see how the size of the payment will change if they "stay" at work. Subject to the late registration of pensions, both parts of the payment are indexed by a premium coefficient. But "recycling" for more than 10 years is pointless. Pension increases only the first decade.
In 2014, the government suspended the formation of savings. All funds were directed to current payments. This time-out was necessary in order to survive the crisis in the PFR and to “reformat” the work of NPFs, the services of which are already used by more than 22 million people. The Ministry of Labor still insists on the introduction of a voluntary format for the formation. But depriving the country's economy of "long" money can lead to a serious economic crisis.
New rules
Since 2017, an old-age pension is granted under the following conditions:
- experience is at least 8 years (by 2024 - 15 years);
- a pension score of at least 11.4 (an annual increase of 2.4 to 30);
- a citizen has reached 60 years old (male) or 55 years old (female).
The retirement age for public officials in 2017 is 60.5 and 55.5 years, with a subsequent annual increase to 65 and 63 years.