The heart of Ukraine is an ancient and at the same time forever young Kiev. But the soul of the country is Cherkasy region. It was on its territory that the victorious Cossack spirit of the Ukrainian people was formed.
Here is the hetman's capital - the city of Chyhyryn (Ukraine). Cherkasy region is the birthplace of many prominent people. Among them are the first hetman of Ukraine Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the Haidam leaders Gont and Zaliznyak, as well as the prophet of the nation and the genius of the whole country Taras Shevchenko.
Administrative and territorial division
Cherkasy region is one of the youngest in Ukraine. The date of its formation is January 7, 1954. It was on that day that the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was signed on the separation for this purpose of the districts of Vinnitsa, Kiev, Poltava and Kirovograd regions. The territorial unit includes 855 settlements. Among them, sixteen cities, fifteen urban settlements. The villages of Cherkasy region are represented by 824 settlements. They live 44.5% of the total population of the territorial unit. Has Cherkasy region areas. There are twenty of them.
The administrative center of Cherkasy region is the city of Cherkasy. It was founded at the end of the thirteenth century and was a small town. The status of the city was assigned to him only in 1975.
Geography
Cherkasy region is located in the Dnieper basin, in its middle course. This is the central part of the country. The territory of the region occupies about twenty one thousand square kilometers. This is three and a half percent of the area of Ukraine.
Cherkasy region stretched two hundred and forty-five kilometers from the north-east to the south-west and one hundred and fifty - from the south to the north. If you use mathematical calculations, you can calculate the geographical center of the region. It is a point located in the Gorodishchensky district near the village of Zhuravki.
The entire territory of Cherkasy region is conditionally divided into left-bank and right-bank. Moreover, in general, it is a flat terrain. The main territory of the right bank is in the Dnieper Upland. There is also the highest point of the region with an absolute height of 275 meters above sea level. It was recorded near the village of Monastyrische. The right bank adjacent to the Dnieper is represented by the swamped Irdyn-Tyasma lowland. There is also a hill in the form of the Kanev mountains. The left-bank part has a low relief.
Weather
The climate in the region is characterized as temperate continental. It has warm summers and not very cold winters. The average air temperature in January is minus six degrees, and in July - twenty heat.
Economy
Ukraine is rightfully proud of its agro-industrial complex and food industry. Cherkasy region is one of the leading agricultural producers in the country. On its territory there are a large number of industrial enterprises. More than three hundred organizations mine coal and produce electrical energy, produce ammonia, mineral fertilizers, processing equipment, computer equipment and chemical fibers.
The food industry of the region has achieved the greatest success in industries such as dairy and sugar, canning and distillery. Thus, the Cherkasy region in the structure of its economy is industrial-agricultural. Significant role in this is given to industry. In total gross income, the share of its products is thirty-six percent. Agriculture accounts for 27%.
Industry
The products of enterprises in the Cherkasy region are widely known not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. In the structure of industrial production, the leading role belongs to the manufacturing industry. It occupies almost eighty-seven percent of the total regional volume. In second place are enterprises that produce and distribute gas, heat, water and electricity. Their products make up almost eleven percent of the total. The lowest indicator in the mining industry. The enterprises that make up this structure produce just over two percent of the total output.
Production in the Cherkasy region is represented by the food industry (39.9%), the chemical (26.9%), machine-building (8%) and light industry (1.5%).
A wide range of products are known for Uman, Korsun-Shevchenkovsky and Katerinopolsky canneries. They ship their goods not only to various regions of Ukraine, but also to the CIS countries, Western Europe and the Baltic states.
Well-known to consumers are products manufactured by chemical enterprises. Its list includes mineral fertilizers and paints and varnishes, chemical fibers and reagents, car care products, medicines and polymer films.
A major role in the regional economy is played by the engineering complex. It includes machine-building and instrument-making enterprises producing equipment for the food and light industries, as well as for agriculture.
Agro-industrial enterprises
The specialization of agriculture in the Cherkasy region is crop production of grain and beetroot, as well as meat and dairy farming. The percentage of plowed agricultural land in this area is high. According to this indicator, Cherkasy region, along with Kherson, is a leader in Ukraine. 539 collective enterprises, thirty-four state farms and 555 farms work here.
Dare
Many cities of Cherkasy region have a rich and interesting history. So, back in 1542, the city of Smela was founded on the banks of the Tasmin River. Cherkasy region celebrates his birthday on the second Sunday of September.
Smela is the center of Smelyansky district. In 2005, 69 thousand people lived in this settlement. The ethnic composition is mainly represented by Ukrainians, Russians and Jews.
There is a legend according to which the name of the city was given in honor of a brave young girl. She secret paths led the Slavs from the settlement besieged by the Tatars. Thanks to her, the enemy was defeated. However, the girl died from the Tatar arrow.
The city of Smela (Cherkasy region) was first mentioned in the annals of the XVI century. At that time, this place belonged to the Commonwealth. In 1795, the territory on which the city was located was transferred to the Russian Empire. After that, its industrial development began. A sugar factory and a mechanical factory were founded here. In 1876, the laying of the railway began through Smela. This fact was a powerful impetus for the further economic development of the city. Today Smela has a well-developed food industry and mechanical engineering. The city has a milk-canning factory and the largest Ukrainian manufacturer of cabinet and upholstered furniture. This is the LIVS factory. Near the city, aluminum is mined.
Guests of Smela can visit the Museum of Local Lore, the Orthodox Cathedral of the Intercession , the Roman Catholic Church and the Memorial of Remembrance. An interesting attraction is the museum car. Its exhibits will acquaint visitors with the history of the railway development of the town.
Kamenka
The history of the city goes back to ancient times. For the first time these places were described by Herodotus. According to one of the existing hypotheses, the ancient city was located on the site of the present Kamenka. Over the years, this territory belonged to the King of Poland Casimir, Jerzy Lubomirsky - the Polish magnate, Ukrainian hetman Khmelnitsky and Field Marshal of Russia Potemkin-Tauride. Further, by inheritance, the area passed into the possession of Davydova.
Kamenka (Cherkasy region) was the place where Pushkin and Tchaikovsky stayed. Today, the main attraction of the city is the historical and cultural reserve of Ukraine. On its territory there are several museum expositions, which include a memorial manor house, architectural buildings, a park, broken in the XVIII century, sculptures, monuments, as well as library and archival funds. The reserve holds Pushkin poetry celebrations and children's music competitions dedicated to the memory of Tchaikovsky.
After the discovery of a groundwater field with unique natural properties, the construction of one of the first distilleries in the region began in Kamenka. And now, for the production of Kamensky vodka, water is taken from a well with a depth of 220 m.
Vatutino
The city was founded in 1947. In the post-war years, it was necessary to solve the problem of providing residents with local types of household fuel in order to replace straw and Donbass coal. And on the outskirts of the village of Yurkovka discovered a brown coal deposit, on the basis of which a new city arose. Equipment for open and closed mining used trophy exported from Germany.
For the construction of residential buildings and structures of the town, a woodworking plant and a brick factory were built. The coal complex was closed by the beginning of the 90s. Today in Vatutino (Cherkasy region) operates a bakery and several small enterprises.
Kinel-Cherkasy
In 1744, immigrants from Ukraine arrived in the fertile area of the Middle Volga. Forty-six Cossack families founded the Kinel-Cherkasskaya settlement near the Bolshoi Kinel River. Initially, it was a security and guard settlement. Its foundation was associated with the need to strengthen the borders of the Moscow state in the east.
Now it is the Kinel-Cherkassky district of the Samara region, and the small village founded in ancient times by the Cossacks is the largest village in Russia and the administrative center of the region.
Today in this village there are three schools and the same number of libraries. A district hospital, a sanatorium and a boarding house in which elderly people live are open here. In Kinel-Cherkassy there is a House of Culture and Youth Organizations, a local history museum and a sports school for children and youth. The attraction of the village is the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, which is already more than one hundred and fifty years old.