Zelenograd city district is one of the existing administrative regions of the capital of Russia. There are 12. There are only 37 km from such a large metropolis as Moscow, Zelenograd, and it is located in the northwestern part of the region. It is also the very first of three districts formed outside the MKAD. And few people know that for a long time the city has been considered the main scientific and production center of Soviet and Russian electronics and microelectronics. At one time, outstanding Russian researchers and scientists worked here. Note: the city was originally intended as a large scientific platform.
General information
Zelenograd has its own history of origin, its own traditions. There is also a well-developed infrastructure. Many residents of the capital and other regions buy real estate here. Houses and apartments in Zelenograd, especially in new areas, are considered elite. The city is literally surrounded by greenery. Its name literally translates as "green city". Despite the relatively close location from the capital, there is exceptionally clean air. This is possible due to the abundance of plantations both within the boundaries of the settlement, and in its environs. Transport links between Zelenograd and Moscow are well established. Further in the article we learn more about the city, its features, territorial division. The material will also provide information on how to get to the village from the capital and back, what mode of transport can be done.
Features
The city of Zelenograd, also known as the "Russian Silicon (more rarely, Silicon) Valley," is the largest exclave in the capital. Its southeastern part borders on Fr. Khimki, and the rest of the territory - with the Solnechnogorsk district. Zelenograd, the photo of which is presented in the article, includes a number of settlements. This, in particular, the village of Malino, the villages of Rozhki, Novomalino, Kutuzovo and part of the settlement Alabushevo. Compared to other Moscow districts, the territory of Zelenograd is the smallest. Before the accession to the capital in 2012 of new territories, it was also smaller than the rest in terms of population. But at the same time, the city is more densely populated than, for example, Balashikha. The latter, for information, is considered the largest settlement in the vicinity of the capital, and as a separate region it could well enter the first hundred of the largest cities in Russia. Not so long ago, before the expansion of Moscow, Zelenograd occupied the second place of honor among urban districts in the number of green spaces. Then their share was 30% of the entire territory, second only to the Eastern Administrative District.
The beginning of the story
Zelenograd (Moscow) was built on the site of the previously located villages of Matushkino and Savelki, the village of Kryukovo and a number of other smaller settlements and summer cottages. With the outbreak of World War II in 1941, along the Kryukovsky highway (today it is called Panfilovsky Prospekt), a defensive line of Soviet troops passed from Kryukovo station. Today in the city, as well as its environs, you can see a large number of monuments in honor of those important events. The most famous of them is the Bayonets memorial complex. December 3, 1966, in honor of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of enemy troops under the capital, the remains of the Unknown Soldier were taken from the mass grave and then reburied near the walls of the Kremlin in the Alexander Garden. To this day, the remains of the dead, unexploded ordnance and other evidence of fierce battles are found on Zelenograd earth.
Foundation History
The official date of the founding of Zelenograd is March 3, 1958. On this day, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the construction of a new settlement near the Kryukovo station of the OZD to distribute the population. For this, the state allocated 11.28 square meters. km, which is only 30% of the total territory of the modern city. The construction was to unfold between the Leningrad highway and the October Railway at a distance of 37-41 km from the central part of the capital. The construction of the satellite town began in 1960. The development plan was developed by the chief architect Igor Evgenievich Rozhin. Initially, the city of Zelenograd was conceived as the main center of textile production. However, in 1962, thanks to the proposal of Alexander Ivanovich Shokin (chairman of the State Committee on Electronics), the main activity began to be planned in a different direction. Now the task of developers has been to create a scientific center focused on the development of electronic and microelectronic technology.
Later, Zelenograd was often compared with the American Silicon (Silicon) Valley, in connection with which he received his main nickname - "Russian Silicon (less often - Silicon) Valley." Some researchers in the history of the Russian electronic industry believe that Shokin's decision to put forward the reorientation initiative was significantly influenced by American engineers who fled to the USSR - Alfred Sarantu and Joel Barra (known in the country under the names Philippe Georgievich Staros and Joseph Veniaminovich Berg).
Chronology
In 1863, the first director of the Scientific Center was appointed. It was Lukin Fedor Viktorovich, and his deputy for science was F. G. Staros. On January 15, 1963, the city under construction was found its name - Zelenograd. It was appropriated by the act of the Executive Committee of the Metropolitan City Council of People's Deputies under number 3/25. January 16, 1963 suburban n. Zelenograd (Moscow) on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR was transferred to the subordination of the district administration. January 25, 1963 all management functions were transferred to the hands of the Leningrad District Council of the capital. In February 1965, Zelenograd was transferred from district to city subordination, thereby increasing the status of the city. On March 2, 1965, in connection with the decree of the Moscow City Executive Committee, the city metropolitan Council of Workers' Deputies began to manage it. In the fall of 1968 (on the basis of a new decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR) Zelenograd was additionally assigned the status of the Moscow region. The general development plan, developed by the chief architect Igor Alexandrovich Pokrovsky and his large team (it included architects G. E. Saevich, F. A. Novikov and others), was adopted as the basis in 1971.
Expansion
In 1987, the village of Kryukovo and its surrounding environs were annexed to the territory of Zelenograd. According to the developers, this place was intended for the construction of a new industrial zone. But with the collapse of the USSR, the construction of the Center for Informatics and Electronics (EEC) was discontinued, without really having time to start, while the construction of a large housing stock continued. The result was an imbalance in the number of city residents and the necessary jobs that Zelenograd could no longer provide. The situation was also aggravated by the crisis of the Russian economy of those times. A significant part of the city’s population was forced to travel from the New part of Zelenograd to the old one every day, or even to leave the region for Moscow.
Modern stage in development
In the summer of 1991, the capital, in connection with the decision on the need to form administrative districts instead of old districts, a reform of territorial division was put into effect. According to her, Zelenograd (Moscow region) was transformed into a separate district. In January 1992, this decision consolidated the decision of the current president of the Russian Federation, as well as the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation. In the same document, demarcations of Zelenograd appeared in 5 municipal circles: No. 1-4, Kryukovo. Official registration as an administrative district was recorded on July 5, 1995 by the law on territorial division. It also provides information on the zoning of the district in 5 parts. After some time, the formations were renamed to the districts of Savely, Matushkino, Silino and Old Kryukovo. Four industrial zones located on the territory of the Old Town turned out to be outside the Zelenograd district. Later they were united into a single territorial group. On December 4, 2002 Zelenograd (Moscow), along with its five inner-city municipalities, was further divided into 3 districts. This, in particular, Panfilovsky, Matushkino-Savelki, Kryukovo. The territorial unit "Zelenogradskaya", as well as a forest park located in the Old Town, were distributed between the areas of Matushkino-Savelki and Panfilovsky. At the beginning of 2010, the number of districts increased to five. Their names and territorial distribution were performed in accordance with the municipalities of the city.
Administrative territorial structure
The modern Zelenograd city district consists of 5 districts, 18 micro-districts (it is planned to additionally form another 4 micro-districts), seven zones of industrial and communal use, several isolated settlements and a forest park. The territorial division is as follows:
- District Matushkino. It includes microdistricts No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 and the Northern Industrial Zone.
- District Savelki. It consists of micro districts No. 3, No. 5-7, the village of Nazarievo and the Eastern Communal Zone.
- R-Staroe Kryukovo - this includes microdistricts No. 8, No. 9, partly Malino (northbound from the OZhD), Southern Industrial Zone.
- Silino District. Here are microdistricts No. 10, No. 11, No. 12, the Western Industrial Zone and the Alabushevo Industrial Zone.
- District Kryukovo. It includes the largest number of microdistricts, such as No. 14-16, No. 18, No. 19 Kryukovo, No. 20, the southern part of the village of Malino, the village of Kutuzovo, Kamenka, Rozhki, Novo Malino. Also included here are the microdistricts No. 22 Kutuzovskaya Sloboda, No. 23 Zeleniy Bor, reserve sites from the 17th and 21st microdistricts, the Malino industrial zone and the Aleksandrovka communal zone.
Zelenograd district also retained its former conditional division into the Old Town (approximately 2/3 of the total territory and population) and New. The first consists of the districts of Savelka, Matushkino, Silino and Old Kryukovo. It is located between the Leningrad highway and the October Railway. The new city includes only one district, but the largest in territory and population - Kryukovo. It is located southwest of the railway.
Ways to get to Zelenograd. How to get from Moscow
There are several ways to arrive in the village. How to get to Zelenograd by car:
- On Pyatnitsky highway.
- On the Leningrad highway.
More detailed travel options, route selection will be described below.
Railway connection Zelenograd-Moscow
The train is a universal way to get to the village from the capital and back. The train leaves from the Leningradsky station, which is located at the Komsomolskaya metro station. Depending on the number of stops made on the way to Zelenograd (Moscow), an electric train, on average, overcomes the distance in 35-50 minutes. The ticket price from Moscow to the Kryukovo station is 82.5 rubles. The departure of the first train from Moscow is at 4:45 a.m. Arrival in Kryukovo - at 5:33. The time of departure of the last train from Moscow is at 23:35. Arrival at the above point - 00:30. From the station "Kryukovo" you can get to all areas of Zelenograd and the surrounding area by taxi. Public transport is scheduled. It can be clarified at the points where buses stop. Zelenograd can be visited in other ways, described below.
Directions from the River Station
From this metro station to the city of Zelenograd (Moscow) can be reached by bus number 400 (express) and number 400. The route is convenient if you want to get to the old microdistricts No. 1-12 or Kryukovo. The first bus leaves Moscow at 5:05, the last at 00:20. The disadvantage of this option of transportation is frequent traffic jams on the Leningradskoye Shosse. However, if the roads are clear, then you can get to the city in just half an hour. The fare is 40 rubles.
Routes from the metro
Mitino
Bus number 400K follows from here to Zelenograd. Its route is convenient for those traveling to new microdistricts No. 14-20 and Kryukovo.
Tushinskaya
You can also get to Zelenograd by express bus or minibus number 160 from Tushinskaya metro station. Its route is convenient for visiting new microdistricts No. 14-16, No. 18, No. 20 and Kryukovo. The bus follows Volokolamskoye, and then Pyatnitsky highway to Zelenograd. Travel time is approximately 50 minutes. The fare is 50 rubles.
Route along the Leningradskoye Shosse (M10)
The best assistant to the traveler who will not let him go astray is a map. Zelenograd, due to its convenient location, many residents of the capital prefer to visit by car. The first entrance is about 37 km away. Leningrad sh. (about 20 km from MKAD). After the "Avanta" car dealership, turn right onto Moskovsky Prospekt. This route is convenient to get to the Eastern communal zone and microdistricts No. 1-7. The next entrance is located on the 42nd km. Leningrad highway, next to the Bayonets monument. To get into the city you need to turn left, onto Panfilovsky Prospekt. From here you can get to the Northern, Western and Southern industrial zones, as well as microdistricts No. 8-12. To get to the New Town (microdistricts Nos. 14-20) you need to pass the Kryukovskaya overpass on Panfilovsky Prospekt. The same way you can get on Pyatnitskoe highway.
By car along Pyatnitsky highway (P111)
From Art. Metro Mitino you need to get to the turn onto Kutuzovskoye sh., which is located beyond the village of Berekhovo, and turn right. Then, along the same highway, go to the ring and turn onto passage number 657. It will lead to new microdistricts No. 14-20, Kryukovo, p. Goluboe and Andreevka. You can also get to Zelenograd by turning next to the village of Goretovka or through the bridge to the villages of Goluboye and Andreevka.