Electromechanical devices that convert the mechanical form of energy into electrical energy and vice versa are electric machines. Their main distinguishing feature from other converters is that these units function as an engine and generator at the same time.
Varieties of electric cars
By the type of field formed, electrical converters are divided into:
- inductive. They change energy in a magnetic field. They are widely used in industrial and other areas of production;
- capacitive. Basically, such machines are not used in practice. Experts attribute this to the complexity of the formation of a strong electric field that converts energy;
- inductive capacitive. This is a type of machine that arose several years ago. They carry out energy modification in an electromagnetic field and combine the properties of the two previous types of aggregates.
Brushless operate with alternating current. They can be synchronous and asynchronous units. The former are used as generators and electric motors, while the latter serve as engines.
A collector machine is an assembly that works only with direct current, and therefore it includes a mechanical converter. The main advantages are considered unique starting properties and fairly smooth regulation of the frequency of gross rotation. Due to such qualities, it is actively used as a power source for welding machines, as well as a drive for electric vehicles and rolling mills.
Scope of application
Today, the need for electricity is increasing, which is associated with the widespread automation and implementation of technological processes.
Typically, electricity is generated by power plants that convert nuclear and fossil fuels, as well as wind and water. These types of energy are transformed into mechanical energy due to rotation by steam and hydraulic turbines, and then, thanks to a generator, they turn into electrical energy.
Often quite often the need arises for the inverse modification of electrical energy into mechanical. Here electric motors come to the rescue.
Another type of electric machines is transformers. They are used to further modify the energy on the way from the power plant to consumers. With their help, you can increase or decrease the voltage.