We offer a small material on the topic: "Electricity for beginners." It will give an initial idea of the terms and phenomena associated with the movement of electrons in metals.
Features of the term
Electricity is the energy of small charged particles moving in conductors in a certain direction.
At constant current, there is no change in its value, as well as the direction of movement for a certain period of time. If a galvanic cell (battery) is selected as the current source, in this case the charge moves in an orderly manner: from the negative pole to the positive end. The process continues until it completely disappears.
Alternating current periodically changes the magnitude, as well as the direction of movement.
AC transmission circuit
Let's try to understand what a phase in electricity is. Everyone heard this word, but not everyone understands its true meaning. We will not go into details and details, we will choose only the material that the home master needs. A three-phase network is a method of transmitting electric current, in which current flows through three different wires, and one returns. For example, in an electric circuit there are two wires.
The first wire to the consumer, for example, to the kettle, is current. The second wire is used to return it. When such a circuit is opened, there will be no passage of electric charge inside the conductor. This circuit describes a single phase circuit. What is the phase in electricity? Phase is the wire through which electric current flows. Zero is the wire through which the return is made. In a three-phase circuit there are immediately three phase wires.
An electrical panel in the apartment is necessary for the distribution of electric current in all rooms. Three-phase networks are considered economically feasible, since they do not need two neutral wires. When approaching the consumer, the current is divided into three phases, and each of them has zero. The earthing switch, which is used in a single-phase network, does not carry a workload. It is a fuse.
For example, if a short circuit occurs, there is a danger of electric shock, fire. To prevent this situation, the current should not exceed a safe level, the excess goes into the ground.
The manual "School for an electrician" will help beginners to cope with some breakdowns of household appliances. For example, if there are problems with the operation of the electric motor of the washing machine, current will flow to the external metal casing.
In the absence of grounding, the charge will be distributed throughout the machine. When you touch it with your hands, a person will act as a grounding conductor, having received an electric shock. If you have a ground wire, this situation will not occur.
Electrical Features
The manual "Electricity for Dummies" is popular with those who are far from physics, but plan to use this science for practical purposes.
The beginning of the nineteenth century is considered the date of the appearance of electrical engineering. It was at this time that the first current source was created. The discoveries made in the field of magnetism and electricity were able to enrich science with new concepts and facts that have important practical value.
The School for an Electrician manual introduces you to basic terms related to electricity.
Beginner Tips
Many collections of physics have complex electrical circuits, as well as a variety of obscure terms. In order for beginners to understand all the intricacies of this section of physics, a special manual "Electricity for Dummies" was developed. An excursion into the world of the electron must begin with a consideration of theoretical laws and concepts. Illustrative examples, historical facts used in the book "Electricity for Dummies" will help novice electricians learn knowledge. To test performance, you can use tasks, tests, exercises related to electricity.
If you understand that you do not have enough theoretical knowledge to independently cope with the connection of electrical wiring, refer to the directories for "dummies".
Safety and practice
First you need to carefully study the section on safety. In this case, during work related to electricity, there will be no emergency situations hazardous to health.
In order to put into practice the theoretical knowledge obtained after independent study of the basics of electrical engineering, you can start with old household appliances. Before starting repairs, be sure to read the instructions that came with the device. Do not forget that there is no need to joke with electricity.
Electric current is associated with the movement of electrons in conductors. If the substance is not able to conduct current, it is called a dielectric (insulator).
For the motion of free electrons from one pole to another, a definite potential difference must exist between them.
The intensity of the current passing through the conductor is related to the number of electrons passing through the cross section of the conductor.
The speed of the current is affected by the material, length, cross-sectional area of the conductor. With an increase in the length of the wire, its resistance increases.
Conclusion
Electricity is an important and complex section of physics. The manual "Electricity for Dummies" considers the basic quantities characterizing the efficiency of electric motors. The units of voltage are volts, the current is determined in amperes.
Any source of electrical energy has a certain power. It means the amount of electricity generated by the device for a certain period of time. Energy consumers (refrigerators, washing machines, kettles, irons) also have power, spending electricity during operation. If you wish, you can carry out mathematical calculations, determine the approximate fee for each household appliance.