A special place in the system of the organic world is occupied by man. The taxonomy of this species has its own characteristics. They are associated with the biosocial basis of Homo sapiens.
Man: taxonomy
On the one hand, man is an object of wildlife, a representative of the Kingdom of Animals. On the other hand, it is a social person who lives according to the laws of society and strictly obeys them. Therefore, modern science considers the systematics of man and the features of his origin from both a biological and a social point of view.
Human taxonomy: table
Representatives of taxa to which modern man belongs have a number of similar structural features. This is proof of their single ancestor and common evolutionary path.
| Taxonomic unit | Similarities and characteristics |
| Type Chordates | Formation of the chord and neural tube embryo at the initial stages of development |
| Subtype Vertebrates | The formation of the internal skeleton, the basis of which is the spine |
| Class Mammals | Feeding infants with milk, the presence of a diaphragm, differentiated teeth, pulmonary respiration, warm-bloodedness, intrauterine development |
| Squad Primates | Five-fingered limbs, contrasting the thumb with the rest, the identity of 90% of the chimpanzee genes |
| Hominid family | Brain development, upright ability |
| Rod Man | The presence of the vaulted foot, a free and developed upper limb, the presence of bending of the spine, articulate speech |
| Kind of Homo sapiens | Intelligence and Abstract Thinking |
Type Chordates
As you can see, a person’s place in taxonomy is clearly defined. Heterotrophic type of nutrition, limited growth, ability to actively move determine its belonging to the Kingdom of Animals. But according to the peculiarities of embryonic development, a person is a representative of the Chordate type. This systematic unit also includes the classes of Bone and Cartilaginous Fish, Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds.
How can such different organisms be of the same type? It's all about their embryonic development. In the early stages, an axial cord is laid in them - a chord. A neural tube forms above it. And under the chord is the intestine in the form of a through tube. Gill slits are located in the pharynx. As they develop, these embryonic structures in humans undergo a series of metamorphoses.
From the chord, the spine develops, from the neural tube, the spinal cord and brain. The intestine acquires a through structure. Gill slits in the pharynx overgrow, as a result of which a person passes to pulmonary respiration.
Classes Mammals
A typical representative of the Mammals class is man. Systematics does not attribute it to this taxon by chance, but according to a number of characteristic features. Like all representatives of mammalian animals, humans feed their babies milk. This valuable nutrient is produced in specialized glands.
The systematics of Homo sapiens relates it to the group of placental mammals. During intrauterine development, this organ binds the body of the mother and the unborn child. In the placenta, their blood vessels are intertwined, a temporary connection is established between them. The result of this work is the implementation of transport and protective functions.
Human similarity with other representatives of mammals also lies in the structural features of organ systems and the course of physiological processes. These include enzymatic digestion. Biologically active substances are secreted by the liver, salivary and pancreas. A common feature is the presence of differentiated teeth: incisors, canines, large and small molars.
The presence of a four-chambered heart and two circles of blood circulation makes a person warm-blooded. This means that his body temperature does not depend on this indicator in the environment.
Kind of Homo sapiens
According to the most common hypothesis, humans and some species of modern monkeys have one ancestor. There is some evidence for this. The hominid family is characterized by an important sign - upright posture. This feature, of course, was associated with a change in lifestyle, which led to the release of the forelimbs and the development of the hand as an organ of labor.
The process of becoming a modern species took place in several stages: the most ancient, ancient and first modern people. These phases did not replace each other, and for a certain period coexisted and competed among themselves.
The most ancient, or monkey people, were able to independently make tools from stones, make fire, lived as the primary herd. The ancients, or Neanderthals, communicated using gestures and rudimentary articulate speech. Their tools were also bone. Modern people, or Cro-Magnons, built their own housing or lived in caves. They sewed clothes from hides, knew pottery, tamed animals, grew plants.
A person whose systematics is determined by the totality of anatomy, physiology, and behavioral reactions is the result of lengthy evolutionary processes.