Covalent non-polar bond refers to simple chemical bonds. It is formed due to common electronic pairs. There are 2 types of covalent associations, which differ in the mechanism of education. Consider her education and find out in more detail what in general is a non-polar relationship. It is most often formed in simple substances - non-metals, but it can also be found in compounds formed by different atoms, provided that the values of the electronegativity of elementary particles are equal. For example, the substance PH3, EO (P) = EO (H) = 2.2.
Consider how a covalent non-polar bond is formed. The hydrogen atom has only 1 electron, therefore its electron shell is not complete, it lacks another 1. During the interaction, the hydrogen atoms begin to come closer due to the attractive forces of the nuclei and electrons, while partially overlapping the electron clouds. In the course of this, a doublet is formed, which belongs to two elementary particles at once. In the place where the electron clouds overlap, an increased electron density arises, attracting atomic nuclei to itself, thereby ensuring their strong connection into the molecule. Covalent non-polar bond is schematically written as follows:
H · + · H - H : H or H - N.
Here, an unpaired electron of the outer level is denoted by a single point, and the common electron pair by two points is :: or a dash.
It can be seen from the foregoing that the overlapping region of electron clouds is located symmetrically with respect to both atoms. In a similar way, a non-polar covalent bond will form when molecules of simple substances with a large number of electrons appear.
Since this relationship is typical of most non-metals, it is possible to establish a pattern related to their physical properties. Substances with a covalent non-polar association can be solid (silicon, sulfur), gaseous (hydrogen, oxygen) and liquid (only bromine). If you look closely at molecular ma
If gaseous and liquid nonmetal are present, it is seen that with an increase in Mr, the melting and boiling points most often increase. With solid non-metals this does not happen. The thing is that such
simple substances have an atomic-crystalline structure, the strength of which gives a covalent non-polar bond. Thus, the greater the number of such bonds, the harder the connection, for example, diamond and graphite.
Nonpolar association is of great importance in the vital processes of organisms, because it is much stronger and more stable than hydrogen and ionic. In order to break such bonds, an animal or plant needs to spend a large amount of energy, therefore enzymes take an active part in the destruction mechanism.
A covalent non-polar bond is a bond formed by the same atoms or different elementary particles of a complex compound having equal values of electronegativity. In this case, atoms equally share a common electron pair (doublet).