Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a territorial unit of Russia. It is considered one of the regions of the Far North, located in the north-east of the Federation. The relief here is represented by the highlands and plateaus. The Chukchi Highlands are located in the northeast, and the Anadyr Highlands are in the central part of the okrug. Its territories include part of the mainland, several islands (Aion, Arakamchechen, Wrangel, etc.), as well as the Chukchi Peninsula. The capital of this remote region is the easternmost city in Russia - Anadyr. About 14 thousand people live in it.
The capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Region: description
The city of Anadyr, which was previously called Novomariinsky, was founded by order of the tsar in 1889. Gradually developing, it multiplied its population.
Anadyr can only be reached by plane. Flights are made from Moscow or Khabarovsk. The airport itself is not in the city, but on the other side of the estuary. To ensure that the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Region does not lose transport communications, helicopter flights are supported year-round. In summer, small vessels run on water, and in winter a road is laid on ice.
Despite the fact that navigation is possible only from July to November, there is a seaport in Anadyr. Through it, communication is maintained with Magadan, Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
The capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug currently does not have a year-round road that connects it with other areas of the Far East. But since 2012, a road has been under construction from Kolyma to Chukotka, which will allow you to get to Anadyr by land in summer and winter. It was planned to complete its construction by 2030. The road should be 1800 kilometers long and have gravel. Moreover, it will be single-lane, and it is planned to equip special extensions for driving cars.
Climatic features
A different relief, a large extent, several climatic zones - this is what characterizes Russia. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Due to its location, this territory is characterized by a very harsh subarctic climate, which is replaced by a marine one near the coast and a continental one in the center. In these parts, winter is very long - up to ten months a year, and the temperature can drop to -50 ° and lower. Summer is very short but hot. The maximum temperature was recorded in July 2010 and reached + 34 ... + 36 ° .
The wealth of the land of the Chukotka region and their use
In the lands of the Chukchi Peninsula there are many deposits of gold, mercury and tungsten. Even diamonds are found in coastal lowlands.
The main direction of agriculture in Chukotka is the breeding of deer. In the early 70s, the local herds made up a quarter of the total world population. In addition to reindeer husbandry, the inhabitants of Chukotka are engaged in hunting and fishing.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has the status of a border zone. On the sea, it borders the United States. In this regard, special documents are required to visit some areas of the district. The most extreme points of the continent are located precisely within Chukotka. Eastern - Cape Dezhnev. The northernmost city of Russia - Pevek - is also located in this region.
In total, there are 3 urban and 4 municipal districts in the local territory. Among urban ones, the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug itself (Anadyr and its region). Then Pevek with adjacent rural and urban settlements. Also the united settlements of Provideniya district.
Population
With an area of 720 thousand square kilometers, Chukotka Autonomy cannot boast of a large population. Only about 50 thousand people live here. This means that the density per 1 square. km of land is only 0.07.
The peak of the population occurred at the end of the 80s of the XX century. During this period, the number of people reached almost 162 thousand. In the 90s, the population of the district began to decline. A sharp decline can be observed at present. In recent years, this has been mainly due to the large outflow of people moving to other cities, because the birth rate in Chukotka exceeds mortality rates. But the average life expectancy in this harsh place is not so long, it is only about 60 years.
The indigenous population of the Chukotka Autonomous Region is the Eskimos, Chukchi, Chuvans, Evens and others. Now they are settled throughout the autonomy. Most Eskimos live in the east, by the sea. The Chukchi are scattered throughout the coast and in the center of the district, and the Chuvans occupied the middle course of the Anadyr River. Part of the indigenous population in the district capital is 15%. Least of all are the people called Yukagirs. They can be found only in the village of Omolon, and their number does not exceed 50 people.
Kopin Roman Valentinovich - Governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. He was elected in 2008. Appointed Acting Governor after the early resignation of a previous politician. Kopin R.V. himself comes from Kostroma.